Relationship of a Father and Son Essay

The moment where everything changed was the day Manning finally won his first arm wrestling match, his father gained some respect towards him and they both learned valuable lessons. One was manning learned that his father was a great parent in his own way and his father learned that being rough isn’t the only way you can show affection to your son. On the other hand, in â€Å"Shooting Dad†, Sarah Vowell describes the political differences her and he father have. In the house she states that one was a republican and the other was a democratic (171). Every time they would try to start a normal conversation they would end up arguing, and having discussions of who beat who. In the end she matures and realizes that they both are actually very alike. Communication is not as easy as it seems but if you take the time to listen and pay attention to details in life you’ll find that your parents’ views aren’t so far off of yours. The fathers’ competitive side was his way of showing his communicative relationship with his son. Manning used to be able to enjoy a relaxed game of arm wrestling with his father before but as time passed everything became more real and competitive. He states, â€Å"I always had to lose ‘ Want to try it again? ‘ he would ask, grinning†¦. and with squinting eyes he would laugh at me, a high laugh, through his perfect white teeth† (163). The relationship between the father and son was a physical rough relationship. The attitude of the father impedes the communication to surpass the bond of strength that they have now. The father was seen as the protector of the family. He was the tough guy, who wouldn’t show emotions. The son realized that his father has been the person he was for them. He guided them and helped them in the toughest situations in life. The age difference impeded the positive communication between them. This all started when he was a teen. The mental state of a son differs from the mental state of a father. The awareness, attitude, and strength all change as he matures over the years. As he grew he started working out more and became stronger while the dad was aging. The moment he realized he had matured and now viewed life different was when his dad challenged him to what was his last arm wrestling challenge between them. He felt sorry but the power that he was gaining was too exciting to let go of. When he was small the dad was the one with the power, he was the man of the house but now that he won he has now taken the responsibility to take that next challenge and soon be the adult, the head of household the one to take care of the family. He learned a lesson that changed the communication between him and his father. In my life as I’ve grown I’ve noticed a difference between the communication of my father and I. Before we would talk about dolls and makeup and now we communicate by being rough. We have competitions about the smallest things like what’s that color to who will win the wrestling match or soccer game. At first to me all that was boring and bland, but as he started to get older he distanced himself from me. What stopped us from being able to communicate was the fact that we both had different views in life. I was focused on school and focused on achieving my goal to graduate and his focus was on his work and sports. We would spend limited time together that we had so much to talk about yet we would stay quiet for hours. He slowly became more involved in my school and studies and I would get pointers from him on how to play the sport correctly. Now during weekends we go to baseball games, basketball games, or to the library. Our bond has grown to be a strong relationship. The love between families is always there, it’s just that people choose to show their affection in many different ways. Manning and Vowell explain how they struggled to communicate with their father’s but overall they ended up figuring out that they are similar in many way to their father’s. The form that Manning was able to communicate or interact with his father was through a physical tough relation and the Vowell was through nature as she took photos and as he killed it. Learning to communicate can be the key to life; it’s just the matter of finding happiness between the people.

Policy Recommendation Essay

The difficulty with any definition of poverty involves the meaning of minimum needs and the amount of money required to satisfy these needs. (Ansel M. Sharp, 2010) Those in poverty sometimes face an additional obstacle to earning an adequate income. Discrimination as we use it means that equals are treated unequally or that the ‘unequal’s are treated equally. Discrimination exists in the labor market when people with equal productivity are paid different wages or people with differences in productivity are paid equal wages. Discrimination can also exist in the product market when consumers pay different prices for the same product. (Ansel M. Sharp, Evidence of Discrimination in Our Economy, 2010) Discuss the major impact to society of the problem. In 2001, some six-point-eight million families, or nine-point-two percent of all families, lived in poverty. This translates into more than thirty-two-point-nine million individuals, a staggering number to many Americans who have never been personally touched by poverty. Indeed, some have characterized those who live in poverty as the hidden poor. Studies have shown that there is a significant turnover in the poverty population: Families and single individuals move into and out of poverty several times throughout the years in response to significant life events. Although no reliable estimate exists for the number of hardcore poverty cases, the incidence of poverty can be easily seen to vary dramatically across a number of demographic characteristics. (Ansel M. Sharp, What is Poverty? , 2010) Just imagine searching through heaping piles of refuse at landfills, looking for anything that could seem partly edible, to satisfy an unending hunger. Many people around the world face this situation every day of their lives. What could have caused a situation like this to occur? The education and skill level, health or handicap status, and discrimination play a vital role in poverty. A major factor determining whether someone will end up living in poverty, education or skill level can make or break an income. Education plays a vital role in acquiring jobs, learning new skills, and bringing home necessities and comforts of life. A person who doesn’t receive an education has a very small chance of making much money and acquiring skills that would bring home a desirable income. Many who do not have an education bring their family into a cycle of poverty, where their posterity doesn’t necessarily have the income to go to college or even don’t have a desire to acquire a high school diploma. Poverty rates are higher among families with only one parent or head of household present. Poverty is also related to age, those very young and those very old have higher rates of poverty than those in their prime and middle-age years. The economic cause of poverty is family incomes depend on the quantities of resources that families can place in employment and the prices received for those resources. To understand poverty, then, it is important to understand what determines the prices paid for human and capital resources and what determines the quantities that can be employed. Under competitive market conditions, the basic principle of wage rate determination is that units of any kind of labor tend to be paid a price equal to any one worker’s contribution to an employer’s total receipts. In other words, workers are paid about what they are worth to employers. What a worker is worth to an employer is referred to by economists as the marginal revenue product of labor. (Ansel M. Sharp, The Economic Causes of Poverty, 2010) Market discrimination may be traced to two primary sources. These are the power to discriminate in the market and the desire to discriminate. In our complex market economy, the wages of workers vary widely. Even workers hired by the same employer to perform similar jobs are often paid different wage rates. The meaning of wage discrimination is clear enough: unequal pay for equal contributions. But proving discrimination depends on being able to distinguish among individuals on the basis of individual efforts and productivity. Generally, humans are paid pproximately what they are worth in a competitive economy. (Ansel M. Sharp, Evidence of Discrimination in Our Economy, 2010) Employment discrimination means that some people are not hired because of non-economic characteristics such as race or gender. Two individuals with the same training, education, and experience apply for a job, however one is black and one is white. If both do not have the same chance of getting the job, discrimination has entered into the decision-making process. There is a growing belief that discriminatory differences in pay, especially gender differences in pay, occur largely because of occupational segregation. In general, men work in occupations that employ very few women, and women work in occupations that employ very few men. The economic results of occupational segregation for women are low wages. Women are often relegated to occupations where productivity and experience have little to do with their status and where opportunities for overtime and premium pay are limited. Price discrimination occurs when people of different races or genders are forced to pay different prices for the same good or service, provided the differences are not due to differences in cost of serving the consumer. (Ansel M.

Banana as a Natural Superdisintegrant

Banana as a Natural Superdisintegrant The objective of the study was to evaluate banana powder as a superdisintegrant for the formulation of oral disintegrating tablets and to compare the results with commonly used superdisintegrants like croscarmellose sodium, pre gelatinised starch and sodium starch glycolate. Oral disintegrating tablets containing Domperidone as the model drug were formulated using five different concentrations of each superdisintegrant (2%, 4%, 6%, 8% & 10%) and compressed by direct compression. The formulations were subjected to various evaluation studies such as wetting time, water absorption ratio, disintegration time and in-vitro dissolution. The results showed that the disintegration time and drug release of the formulation containing banana powder (6%) was comparable to other super disintegrants. The IR spectrum analysis demonstrated that banana powder was compatible with the drug. These results suggest that banana powder can be used effectively as a superdisintegrant in orally disintegrating tablet formulations. Banana, is a natural product which is available in plenty, economically affordable and has its own nutritional value. It can be used as a potential additive in the formulation of oro -dispersible tablets. Keyword: orodispersible tablets, superdisintegrants, disintegration time, natural excipients. INTRODUCTION The tablet is the widely used dosage form because of its convenience in terms of self-administration, compactness, and ease in manufacturing. For the past one decade, there has been a demand for more patient-friendly and compliant dosage forms. As a result, the development of new technologies has been increasing annually. Since the cost for development new drug molecule is very high, efforts are now being made by pharmaceutical companies to focus on the development of new drug dosage forms for existing drugs with more safety and efficacy together with reduced dosing frequency, and the production of more cost-effective dosage forms. However, geriatric and p ediatric patients were having difficulty in swallowing conventional tablets, which leads to poor patient compliance. To overcome this problem, scientists have developed innovative drug delivery systems known as â€Å"melt in mouth† or â€Å"mouth dissolve (MD)† or sometimes â€Å"dispersible† tablets. These are novel types of tablets that disintegrate /disperse in saliva. Their characteristic advantages such as administration without water, lead to suitability for the geriatric and pediatric patients. They are also suitable for the bedridden patients, and patients who do not have easy access to water. The advantages, in terms of patient compliance, rapid onset of action, increased bioavailability (in some instances) and comparable stability to conventional tablets make these tablets popular as a dosage form of choice particularly in these populations. Domperidone maleate is a widely used anti-emetic drug, acting by inhibition of the dopaminergic receptor. Domper idone maleate does not cross the blood brain barrier. Domperidone maleate is also effective in gastro paresis, pediatrics gastro esophageal reflux (infant vomiting). Domperidone maleate after oral dosing undergoes extensive gastric and hepatic first pass metabolism resulting in low bioavailability (15%) which therefore, may not minimize the rate of vomiting. In context of the above principles, a strong need was recognized for the development of mouth dissolving tablets of Domperidone maleate to improve its bioavailability for relief on nausea and vomiting. In mouth dissolving tablets, disintegrants plays a major role. A  disintegrant  is a substance in a tablet formulation that enables the tablet to break up into smaller fragments upon contact with gastrointestinal fluids. Such a rapid rupture of the tablet matrix increases the surface area of the tablet particles, thereby increasing the rate of absorption of the active ingredient and decreasing the onset of time to therapeutic effect. A new disintegrant class has emerged during the recent past known as the Superdisintegrant. Superdisintegrants improve disintegrant efficiency resulting in decreased use levels, typically 1-10% by weight relative to total weight of tablet when compared to traditional disintegrants.

Acquisition Team Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Acquisition Team - Research Paper Example primarily, acquisition constitutes a process that functions and bears results based on interdependence and cooperation of various aspects in the contracting process (Engelbeck, 2002). Furthermore, acquisition team is what makes the process of acquisition succeed, based on the set goals. Moreover, formation of the team should reflect aspects of integration, interrelation, cooperation, and collaboration with enhanced communication networks. Business Opportunity Opportunity Title: Z-Full Seepage Blanket Extension, Bolivar Dam, Ohio Solicitation Number: W91237-11-B-0006 Agency: Department of the Army Office: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Office Location: USACE District, Huntington URL: https://www.fbo.gov/?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=c88569da75a9388b1203f6f44e4a9fc7&tab=core&_cview=0. This is one of the projects owned by the Department of Army, and solicitation for the project awaits posting of notice for contractors. The project largely involves contractors initiating an action-plan of pl acing fill material on the downstream side of the Bolivar Dam in Bolivar, Ohio State. Included in the work to be performed are base contract plus two options. On the part of Base Contract, construction of a portion will take place at downstream seepage blanket, a terrace filter blanket extension, 450’ of storm sewer, and tree and brush clearing around the left abutment of the dam (FedBizOpps, N.d). On the part of two options, option (1) will involve construction of remainder of the downstream seepage blanket and 530’ of storm sewer. Option (2) will involve construction of the right abutment seepage blanket (FedBizOpps, N.d). The process of constructing seepage blankets will largely involve borrow material from an on-site borrow area, whereby, the portion of material will be purchased by the contractor from commercial source (FedBizOpps, N.d). Construction to be done will take place on government owned-land, which will be the same thing happening for borrow and spoil ar eas. Research has indicated that there will be need for roads (Haul roads) connecting borrow and spoil areas and subsequently linking them to seepage blankets. The whole project is estimated to cost between $5,000,000 and $10,000,000 (FedBizOpps, N.d). The delivery (completion) of the project is estimated will take 635 calendar days after the initial date when authorization of the project commencement notice is received. Sections of FAR Act will guide some of the operations of the project such that, 25% of total contract performance incurred for personnel should be expended for employees of the prime contractor. Acquisition Team Engelbeck (2002) observes that Acquisition needs to be perceived as the process that connects the needs of customers and overall satisfaction derived by the customers. Further, Acquisition is a process of steps and activities involving identifying requirements (needs), acquisition planning, preparation of the solicitation, source selection, negotiation, and contract award, performance and closeout (Engelbeck, 2002). Success of acquisition process has been attached to ability to institute acquisition team that is multi-organizational as well as cross-functional in nature. Therefore, given the nature of the above project, the following experts are deemed critical to the success of the acquisition process. Program Manager (PM) The acquisition process only succeeds or fails from efforts, skills, and knowledge of the PM. This is a professional whose shoulders hold the entire work-process of acquisition, and the direction the PM takes will greatly define the success, failure or progress of the project

Second paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Second paper - Essay Example First, we can start our research using books, scholarly articles, and holding meetings with the children who committed crimes. The second way to carry out research is using internet-based material, which contains web pages, blogs, and websites of different organizations. The outcomes of both approaches towards the research, which include research based on personal efforts and internet based research, are not the same in all cases. There exist some differences in the outcomes because all websites are not very authentic and may contain incorrect facts regarding any specific issue. If we need to do internet-based research, we have look for the credibility of the websites, which we want to consult. There are three types of websites present on the internet, which include good websites, bad websites, and okay level websites. Good websites are those, which are supervised by some specific organizations or the government of a country. If the URL address of a website ends up in .gov or .State abbreviation, it is a good and reliable website. Bad websites are those, which do not have any authentic owner or source. In bad websites, the articles describe the facts based on different opinions of people, which are not considered authentic in research. Okay level websites are those, in which the articles are not very outdated, rather they have been published recently. Talking about credibility of the internet-based research, I personally feel that the research, which a researcher carries out using good websites, is a credible research because the data and information included in the government or state websites are accurate and do not contain any unverified material. Such websites can also influence a researcher’s initial claim by providing the researcher with fact based and updated information related to the research topic, which may be different from the researcher original perspective. Not all websites can change or influence a writer’s initial beliefs about an y research topic. Only those websites have the ability to make a good impact on a writer’s perceptions, which belong to authentic organizations and contain authentic information. One of the negative aspects of using internet as a research tool is that it decreases our abilities to consult books and to communicate with the people during research. When everything will be there on the internet, hardly any researcher will want to spend time on finding correct books and sources for the research. More and more people are focusing on the use of internet for research purposes because of the availability of ample information on various search engines but the credibility of that information is still a big question for the researchers. Although internet-based research saves time of the researchers, but it adversely affects the learning, reading, and thinking abilities of the researchers (Carr). Most of the time that we spend on the internet is a waste because it distracts our focus from research to other activities (Gibson). For example, if a person starts chatting, surfing, and emailing his or her friends while doing research, that person is actually wasting time. Internet based research provides us with a very less amount of credible information because most of the websites contain personal opinions, outdated papers, and attention distracting stuff. Some other negative aspects

Urbanization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Urbanization - Essay Example This had led to sprouting of skyscrapers and tall building to house the many people residing in the towns and cities. Similarly, many people are building business empires to provide space for businesses and other economic activities. Therefore, urbanisation in the current world has been significantly improving. However, urbanisation has led to a number of adverse conditions and effects. One of the most dreaded effects of urbanisation is air pollution (Vallero, 2008:13). With an increase in the number of people, businesses, industries and other economic activities, the air becomes polluted. This creates an environment that is not conducive for human existence. There are different types of pollutants that enhance air pollution in the world. First, primary pollutants are directly linked to air pollution. These pollutants are directly involved in making the air impure after the missions. For example, sulphur dioxide is emitted into the air by factories in many urban places. This is considered as primary pollutant, since it is directly linked to polluting the air. Other primary pollutants include emissions from cars, automobiles, trains and offices (Sajimon, 2010:11). Secondly there are the secondary pollutants, which are instrumental in making the air impure. When the primary pollutants react together, they cause a tertiary form of pollution. For example, smog created after reaction of two or more primary pollutants results into secondary pollution. Both secondary and primary pollutants are a threat to life, as they affect the air in the atmosphere. A number of activities have been cited to be the major causes of pollution in the world. The first cause of pollution that is prevalent in the world is burning fossil fuels. In many parts of the world, different people use different sources of energy. In many instances, people burn coal, petroleum and other combustible fuels to produce energy. While burning

12 Billion Pounds NHS Computer Scheme Project Essay

12 Billion Pounds NHS Computer Scheme Project - Essay Example The IT system was integrated and new medical systems was enabled at individual hospitals. The NHS started as one of the largest public healthcare system implementation, which was needed for improving the overall service of the health care industry. Mintzberg et al (2005, p.8) comment ‘Strategy is a pattern, that is, consistency in behaviour over time. A company that perpetually markets the most expensive products in its industry pursues what is commonly called a high-end strategy, just as a person who always accepts the most challenging of jobs may be described as pursuing a high-risk strategy.’ The Project Management Process and Planning If the organization moves from simple system to complex, its environment and a number of other aspects needed to be modified. Employee and staff relationship is also important in this regard where the new relationships, departments and new skills are defined (Appleton, 1999). Change leads to resistance and confusion (Glover et al., 1999 ). The â€Å"Connecting for health† was the brand name given for automating and integrating the heath care service in UK. The plan was to automate a range of functions, including mundane services such as enabling members to use online system to making book appointments having their GPs (general practitioners). Clinically sensitive functions such as maintaining patient records and managing scans were part of the project. The whole system already posed a range of software system, which achieved few functions but these systems were not integrated fully. The common model for implementation involved questions such as What are we trying to accomplish? How we consider change is an improvement What changes can be achieved for improvement The project implementation processes involves - Study, Plan, Act and Do. The project lifecycle of NHS was determined through gateways such as the following- Strategic assessment (The earliest stage was to set up the business strategies and to make th e initial feasibility study) Business justification (After the development of program brief and business case, the business justification was identified, which requires detailed analysis of the project, capital investments, cash flow, operating expenditure such as salaries, maintenance materials, lease and revenue) Delivery strategy The investment decision Readiness for service (The project manager opts for implementation method for minimizing changes and improving coordination with interfaces from different stakeholders and suppliers is determined) Assessment of project, operational review and benefit realisation (The project should be able to provide benefits for decades) The security system of the project was developed with the help of Spine, which is the provider of security, and security measures were also compiled in the early stage of development. Wells (1996, p. 80) states ‘Sub organizations should create lower-level measurement plans that link with the corporate strat egic measurement plan. If the sub-organization has a separate strategic plan, then it will also need a separate strategic measurement plan. If the sub organization’s strategic plan starts at the strategy or objective level, it needs to have measures that link directly to the corporate strategic measurements. In the event that only a few measures can be linked, the sub organization should create additional strategic measurements that better describe its outcomes.’ The portfolio approach has been adopted by the project management teams for managing software development risk (McFarlan, 1981). Prior to this, risk was only considered from the technological perspective (Anderson and Narasumhan, 1979) and from the software development view (Barki, et al. 1993). For IT implementation the project should

Quick Loan Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quick Loan Business - Essay Example The requirements for taking out a payday loan are very easy. Therefore, it is very likely for any individual to take out the payday loans so long as one has a bank account, some form of income such as benefits like social security as well as a legal form of identification. This kind of loan assists people in coping with the expenses that come in between their paycheck (Bartlett, 2009. A payday loan is very important both to the borrower and to the lender. This is because as long as the borrower has a bank account, the loan can be available. Even if the borrower had been declared bankrupt in the past, or had been having a bad credit history, the individual is in a position to acquire a payday loan. This is in contrast with other lending companies which cannot give a loan to individuals with bad credit history as well as to people who are bankrupt. This means that the borrower needs not to worry about accessing payday loan. The author says that payday loans are taken very quickly. This is because of the low requirements that are needed to acquire the loan as well as their design for the short time. The author says that the payday loan can be available within 24 hours after application, even if some companies make the funds available in just a couple of hours. This means that the choices are great if the borrower needs the money quickly. The money can be available instantly if the borrower has the unexpected expense (Francis, 2009). Payday lenders offer small amounts of money which is in contrast with other lending companies whereby they put an upper limit on how much an individual can borrow. As the author puts it, the limit means that the borrower cannot borrow more than what an individual can be able to pay. The author explains that the borrower cannot get into more debts as part of the procedure Lawrence & Elliehausen, 2008).

Perception Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Perception - Research Paper Example Many individuals mistake these two separate entities as one in the same. This paper will distinguish the difference between the two and provide clarity of each one’s function. This paper will also define how we as individuals acquire a cultural sense of sensation and perception through our experiences. This paper will define terms that will help you understand the history behind the functions of sensation and perception. The research in this paper will define abnormalities that can affect sensation and perception and the effects of those abnormalities as well as medical research and breakthroughs. Perception and Sensing of Our Everyday Environment Perception and Sensation though working together are different entities performing different functions. The functions performed by both perception and sensation are important to the interpretation of how we experience everyday life in the world around us. Sensation and perception are answerable to the brain. The brain is like a telep hone pole and sensation and perception are some of the wires plugged into it to communicate. Perception and sensation to diffuse the confusion honed by most must be described and defined individually. Let’s begin by first defining sensation and describing sensations functions. Myers (2009) observes or defines sensation as the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. So what does this mean in laymen’s terms? Basically sensation is the signal we send to our brain that represents our physical experiences in this world we live in. Sensation receptors are recognized by the brain through receiving input up to the brain, which the brain interprets and sends out. There are several interpretation methods that we know as the senses. The five senses are vision, hearing, tasting, touching and smelling. These five senses are used on a daily basis and play very important roles in our everyday lives. Witho ut the use of the five senses, the function of sensation would not exist in our world. Vision is the way we see and interpret the world around us. Vision occurs through the eyes. The eyes have several components that receive and send out light to form visual images. The eye contains several parts, the cornea, the iris, the pupil, the lens, the retina, the fovea, the rods and cones, and the optic nerve to name a few. For the sake of the length of research I will only cover a few parts to give the summarization of the eye’s function and how it transmits to the brain. The parts of the eye that will be discussed are the retina, the rods and the cones and the optic nerve. The â€Å"retina is the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information† (Myers, 2009) The â€Å"rods are the retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don’t respond† (Myers, 2009) The â€Å"cones are retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retinal that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations† (Myers, 2009) The â€Å"optic nerve is the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain† (Myers, 2009) So basically when putting all these functions together here is what happens. Once light enters the eye through the cornea, the retina processes the light through

Immune System and Stress Related Illness Essay Example for Free

Immune System and Stress Related Illness Essay Outline and evaluate research into the relationship between the immune system and Stress-related illness. (12marks) It is suggested that stress can result in immunosuppression which can lead to stress-related illnesses such as Coronary Heart Disease and high blood pressure. Kiecolt and Glaser conducted an experiment to see the effects of stress on the immune system. This was achieved by taking blood samples of 75 medical students one month before and during their examination period. They then compared the two blood samples and found decreased leucocyte activity in the sample taken during high levels of stress (during their exams). This shows that stress reduces the activity of the immune system, making them more susceptible to becoming ill. Advantages of the study are that blood tests are objective measurements, so there was no social desirability or experimenter bias when analysing the results. The participants were also compared to themselves which removes participant variables on how they perceive stressors. The experiment was a field experiment so there was no manipulating of the independant variable to deliberately cause stress to the participants which makes it ethical. It also means the research has ecological validity and can be applied to the wider world. However, a field experiment may have extraneous variables which impact the results. For example, the student lifestyle of having little sleep and poor accomidation may have been an alternative source of stress. Another disadvantage is that there was a biased sample used of students. It may not be possible to generalise students’ response to stress compared to the general population. Riley also did a study using rats on a rotating turntable for five hours. He found that over time, their white blood cell activity dramatically decreased and when injected with carcinogens they developed tumours more rapidly than a control group of rats. This showed that stress can make us reduce our immune system’s activity which can cause diseases to worsen or progress more rapidly. However, as the research was conducted on rats it can be argued that it can’t be applied to humans as out stress response may differ.

Relationship Between Drug Use and Crime

Relationship Between Drug Use and Crime Reviewing empirical research examining the relationship between drug use and crime. Undeniably, there is a strong association between illicit drug use and criminal activity, which appears to be consistent across much of the empirical literature with regard to the relationship between drug use and crime. (Moore, T. et.al, 2007, p.369) However, the relationship between drug use and crime is complex and dynamic, often associated with entrenched social and health problems such as unemployment, socio economic inequality, and poor mental health. Furthermore, the complexity of the relationship further develops with the links being neither simple or linear, nor universal across offending. (Raskin White Gorman, 2002) Goode argues that drugs and crime are intimately related in the public mind and suggest currently, that drugs and crime are connected in a very specific way and whether their connection bears directly on a specific issue of whether or not property crime would decline under decriminalisation of certain illicit substances. (1997). The issue that comes to the fore is that there is sometimes a tendency in the literature, and policy and public debate, to over simplify and over-draw the links between these two phenomena. This is supported in the work of Makkai (2002) whereby the argument that much of the Australian discussion on illicit drugs and crime is ill defined, simplistic, and lacking in evidence where an assumption that there is a causal relationship between drug use and crime is made without sufficient supporting evidence. (p. 113) Furthermore, Raskin White and Gorman also supports the view of Makkai stating, policy makers assume that an important connection between drugs and crime exist, however the precise nature of the connection remains elusive. There is clear evidence in literature suggesting and supporting that drug use and crime tend to be associated or co-existing in the same populations. Within Australian literature this evidence is contained within the studies of Kevin, 1999; Loxley, 2001; Makkai, 1999 and Makkai, 2001. Interestingly, when reviewing literature examining the drugs and crime nexus, the body of research pertaining to offending/drug use careers and initiation into drug use provide useful insight into the relationship. Pudney (2002); Best et al (2001a) argue that the onset of criminal behaviour generally precedes the onset of initial and/or regular drug use. This assertion is demonstrated empirically whereby 17 per cent of prisoners reported illicit drug use prior to offending, 29 per cent report that crime and drug use occurred at the same age, but offending before the commencement of illicit drug use was reported at 54 per cent. These results that generally the lifetime drug-using/ criminal career begins with the onset of offending, then illicit drug use, with continuing cycle of regular offending and regular drug use (Makkai Payne, 2003a, p10). Moreover, this bolsters the relationship between drug use and crime. The aim of this paper is to review the literature regarding the relationship between drug use and crime, particularly the theoretical models and the empirical evidence surrounding the three main theories in order to find gaps in the research and to identify future trends and research parameters regarding the relationship between drugs and crime. The three main theories to be examined is the assertion that substance use leads to crime, crime leads to substance use and that crime and drug use have common causes. As stated during the introduction the relationship between drugs and crime is dynamic and complex. There are a variety of ways into and out of the drug offending nexus which vary between individuals and according to a range of factors. For example, Scott et al 2001 state the links between drugs and crime can vary according to factors such as age (p.161), or sex as argued by Mazerolle (2008); Johnson (2004); Haas Peters (2000), or the order of introduction as to whether drug use or offending came first (Farabee et al, 2001). Furthermore, according to Scott et al 2001, that serious illicit drug use contributes to continuity in serious crime, and vice versa, concluding that crime affects drug use and drug use affects crime (p.270) This argument is supported by both Best et al, 2001a, p161 and Welte et al, 2001, p436 who suggest a two way relationship between drug use and offending. Theories concerning the relationship between drug use and crime Substance use leads to crime Goldstein, considered the first to originally develop the theory between the relationship of drugs and crime, suggested three separate explanations of how the link occurs. Goldstein asserts that psychopharmacological, economic motivation and a systemic theory explain the drugs and crime nexus. (1985) The first explanation and described as the psychopharmacological theory defines, that the short or long term use of certain drugs produces physical effects which lead to offending behaviour. This theory has been applied to both property and violent crime, but it is mainly associated with violent offending and attributes acute or chronic intoxication or the effects of drug withdrawal as contributing factors towards criminal behaviour. This psychopharmacological theory gains support in research conducted by Lo Stephens (2002) proposing that offenders were (or claimed to be) intoxicated with illicit drugs at the time of the offence (p 125). Further research within Australia also suggest within Drug Use Monitoring Australia (DUMA) data that 34 percent of police detainees claimed to be under the influence of an illicit drug when they committed the offence, furthermore 14 percent claimed to be under the influence of alcohol. Further support is provided to Goldsteins initial theory in Indermaurs (1995, p 156) Western Australian study of robbery that found 52.8 per cent of offenders reported being under the influence of illicit drugs at the time of offending and 5.7 per cent were experiencing the effects of withdrawal. The objective of the Drug Use Careers of Offenders (DUCO) project is to further understand the drug use and criminal histories of incarcerated offenders and to contribute to the empirical evidence on the link between drug use and crime. In the example of the DUCO study, questions regarding whether the offender was intoxicated and whether the offender committed the offence because they were intoxicated were asked. The study found that 24 per cent of prisoners reported they were intoxicated with illicit drugs, 17 per cent with both illicit substances and alcohol, and 21 per cent just with alcohol. However, these proportions more than halved when examining whether the crimes could be asserted to be causally attributed to intoxication, with 10 per cent for illicit drugs, 8 per cent for both and 9 per cent for alcohol only (Adams et al, 2008; Makkai Payne, 2003a, p16). Although research asserts that there is some significance of the psychopharmacological theory in explaining the link between drugs and crime, ambivalence surrounds the conclusion. For example, the Australasian Centre for Policing Research (ACPR, 2001, p15 16) conclude that it is probable that intoxication by either drugs and/or alcohol plays a role in the dynamics of the drugs and crime nexus, but that it should not be overestimated. Additionally, Raskin White Gorman (2000 p.185); MacCoun et.al (2001, p. 5) argue that the psychopharmacological theory explains little in terms of the relationship between drugs and crime. The second theory to explain the drugs and crime nexus is termed the economic compulsive and suggests that crime is commissioned in order to finance a drug habit. Makkai, 2002b argues that this theory primarily relates to property crimes, however may also relate to violent crime such as robbery where violence may be used during the commission of a property crime (p111 113). Support for this theory is derived by the research within Australia of Maher et al whereby high proportions of drug users report commit crime and in particular property offences to aid in paying for a drug habit (2002). These findings also concurs with Best et al, 2001a whose finding suggested that the most typical property crime was that of shoplifting (48 per cent of respondents), followed by burglary (28 per cent) then unarmed street robbery such as bag snatches and muggings (13 per cent). Furthermore, empirical studies examining the drugs and crime nexus such as Collins, 1999 and Nelson et al, 2002 asserts th e tendency that burglary is the offence associated most with financing drug use, however not as high as the income derived from offenders involved in drug selling. (Weatherburn et al, 2003, p193). Pritchard Payne cite that the main reasons for burglary are to support a drug habit (44 per cent of respondents), to obtain money or goods (42 per cent) and money was needed as a result of unemployment (41 per cent) 2005, p 46. In conclusion and although strong evidence has been provided in support of the theory, economic motivation cannot provide a complete explanation of the link between drugs and crime, however does contribute and explain why crime accelerates as addiction increases (ACPR, 2001, p.16). Furthermore, Bennett Holloway (2005); Raskin White Gorman (2001) identifies gaps in the research where there is a need to distinguish between different categories of drug users when examining the relationship between drugs and crime. Systemic theory as examined by Goldstein suggest the engagement within drug market activities results in offending, that is, drug related crime results from negative interactions in the illegal drug market, where it is argued that distribution and use of illicit drugs are inherently connected to the commission of crime, with particular reference to crimes of violence (Raskin White Gorman, 2000, p191) Reiss Roth argues that systemic crime is associated with drug distribution through organisational crime, transaction related crime and third party related crime. Although there is some anecdotal evidence suggesting a strong connection between drugs and crime, however as Bean (2002) asserts, research on organised crime outside the United States is limited and states that it does not directly discuss the relationship between organised crime and drugs and, furthermore the literature available could be classed as journalistic in nature rather than empirical research. On the other hand, Findlay states without drug trafficking, dealing and use being illegal, profit would not be assured (1999, p.26), which in turn suggest that drug related crime is an artefact of law and policy (McBride et al, 2001, p5). Crime leads to substance use The second proposed theory is that offenders are more likely to become illegal drug users. Thus, individuals who are deviant are more likely to be involved or choose social situations where drug use condoned or encouraged. Raskin White Gorman state that this theory may arise when deviant individuals use drugs to self medicate or to provide and excuse to commit deviant or criminal acts (2000, p174.) or that income from criminal acts providing additional income enables the offender to purchase drugs, contrasting the previous theory of drugs compelling the offender to commit a crime. In short, both overarching theories receive support and even reinforce each other in the sense that crime may lead to drug use and drug use may lead to more crime. Crime and drug use have common causes The third theory suggests that crime and drug use are not directly causally related to each other, however are related due to sharing other common causes in terms of individual level, interpersonal level, environmental and situational factors. Pudney states that social, economic and family circumstances appear to be influences on young peoples risk of becoming involved in both crime and drug use (2002, p28) A range of risk factors (which may increase the likelihood of an offence occurring) and protective factors (which reduce the impact of an unavoidable negative event) are described within this theory where Weatherburn et al simply state that were risk factors outweigh protective factors, the greater the likelihood of becoming in drugs and/or crime (2000 p 49 -53) and there is considerable overlap and relationship between illicit drug use and criminality (ACPR, 2001, p28). After describing the drugs and crime association within this literature review it is possible to conclude and identify recommendations for further research. No one individual theory can adequately explain the drugs and crime nexus in every instance, furthermore the relationship between drugs and crime is very complex, whereby the conclusions researched on this topic vary and depend on which area the researcher examines and interprets the data. Furthermore, consideration to all theories is prudent in order to develop a true assessment of this relationship. Illicit drug use and crime are mutually reinforcing where both can precede the other, and be interrelated with a broad range of other variables, however there is no required criteria or necessary causal links between the relationship. That is, most drug users do not engage in criminality and there is an absence of evidence suggesting that drug use in and of itself causes criminality, and that criminality in and of itself forces people into drug use. With this said, drugs are important within the context of violence and property crime (MacCoun et al, 2001, p2), where the drug using offending population commit a disproportionate amount of crime. Although it can be said that the drugs and crime nexus is intimate, further research is necessary to assist in further defining and understanding the links, where the methods of disaggregation or examining specific areas may prove beneficial and give greater clarity such as, the relationship between crime and particular kinds of drugs, connecting empirical findings to drugs and crime theories, and researching the casual connection between drugs and crime. Finally, an area of interest to the writer to identify gaps in the research pertaining to the drugs and crime nexus is drug use in prison. This paper reviewed a number of studies in reference to the relationship between drugs and crime in an effort to illustrate the complexity of the connection. After examining the link the paper discussed three theoretical models which endeavour to explain the relationship; the psychopharmacological link; the economic-compulsive link; and the systemic link. Drug users dependency on expensive drugs where affordability is lacking demonstrates the closest link between drugs and crime; however even with this example the relationship is not automatic due to crime not being an inevitable consequence of drug use. Finally, involvement in crime is also dependent on economic, social and cultural contexts, not simply drug use.

Comparing the Religions of Christianity and Hinduism Essay -- compare

â€Å"If I were asked to define the Hindu creed, I should simply say: Search after truth through non-violent means. A man may not believe in God and still call himself a Hindu. Hinduism is a relentless pursuit after truth... Hinduism is the religion of truth. Truth is God.† -- Mahatma Gandhi "I believe in Christianity as I believe that the sun has risen: not only because I see it, but because by it I see everything else." -- C. S. Lewis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hinduism and Christianity are two religions that have been around for thousands of years. These religions have developed philosophies on certain subjects that can be compared in order to show their similarities and differences. Some of the main subjects that can be reflected upon are the paths to enlightenment or salvation, the religions' treatment of women, and the concept of the afterlife. This paper will give an analytic comparison of these religions through the discussion of these topics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most important elements of these religions is their history. The Hindu religion disputably began around 2500 years before the Common Era (B.C.E.) in India. It was geographically based along the Indus River, which was called â€Å"Hindu† by the Persians who had migrated there. They also called the land Hindustan and it’s inhabitants, Hindus. After that, the religion that followed was called Hinduism. Today, almost 800 million people practice the Hindu religion (Spodek, 261) More than a religion, Hinduism is a way of life and a philosophy that is most concerned with spirituality and enlightenment. The idealism of the Hindu religion comes from the Vedas, which are the Hindu religion's oldest scriptures and are considered to be a direct revelation of God. The Upanishads are writings that take their themes from the Vedas. The Upanishads, however, seem to be more along the lines of allegories that give a fleshy quality to the religion rather than a very dry and out of touch feel that can be found in other religious texts. Lastly, the Bhagavad-Gita is a collection of teachings that are based on the conversation between Arjuna, a soldier for one of two warring families, and Lord Krishna, who appears as Arjuna's charioteer. In these conversations the two discuss everything from the purpose of life to the basis of reality. Much like Christian proverbs, the teachings of Lord Krishna give advice and general good sense and... ... to the physical realm. The Christian version only allows for one life to determine the fate of one's eternity. It seems that the only way to miss the trip to heaven would be to denounce Jesus and not give for forgiveness, but who is going to do that if given the option in eternity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The comparison of these two religions is one that is full of differences with the occasional similarity. Mainly, I find Hinduism to be a religion full of positive aspects that give meaning and importance to any of its follower's lives. Conversely, Christianity is a religion that is steeped in contradiction and confusion. It uses guilt and dire consequences to push people into it arms. Where Hinduism allows for personal choice at a personal price, Christianity allows for personal freedom with almost no responsibility for personal action. Works Cited Spodek, Howard. The World's History. Second Edition. Calmann & King Ltd. London. 2001. Eastman, Roger. The Ways of Religion: An Introduction to the Major Traditions. Third Edition. Oxford University Press. N.Y. 1999 Jayaram, V. "Traditional Status of Women in Hinduism." Web. 15 May 2015. http://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/h_women.asp

Physics of a Plane Crash :: physics airplane landing land

There is an old saying that any landing you can walk away from is a good landing. There is a lot of truth to this statement, especially if you are the one walking away. Here are the stories of two such landings that I am personally familiar with. Since they are both very similar in nature, they will be discussed simultaneously in the pages to follow. N9KF was a Model 1 Kitfox. It was built and flown by my father. The Kitfox is an experimental, homebuilt kit plane. Every plane, like every person, has a story. This is the story of N9KF or at least the story as I know it. NEWTON'S LAWS - A Brief Review Newton's First Law An object remains at rest/motion unless an external force acts upon it.(Newman) Newton's Second Law The acceleration of a body or object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the body or object and is inversely proportional to its mass. (F=ma)(Newman) Newton's Third Law For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.(Newman) Forces of Flight LIFT Lift is generated by the air flow around the plane's wing. This effect is explained mostly by Bernoulli's Principle which states that the pressure of the air decreases as the velocity of the air increases. The design of a plane's wing changes the airflow around the wing's surface. The air has farther to travel over the top of the wing than the air traveling below the wing. Therefore, the air traveling above the wing is traveling at a higher velocity than the air traveling below it. As air flows around the wing, a high pressure region with low air velocity is created below the wing, and a low pressure region with high air velocity is created above the wing. The difference between the two pressures generates the lift force. (JEPPESEN 1-11) Newton's third law, stated above, explains how the remaining lift force is produced. Lift is generated when the air hits and is deflected off of the underside of the wing. This deflection of air downwards, in turn, causes an upward lift force on the wing since there must be an "equal and opposite reaction force."(Newman) This force accounts for a relatively small portion of the total lift generated for a wing.(JEPPESEN 1-13) WEIGHT Weight is one of the opposing forces to lift. From Newton's second law, the weight of an object is the magnitude of the force of gravity on that object.

Employment Laws and Regulation Essay -- Business Law

Introduction The American employment laws are designed to foster human dignity and in the process provide employees with various tangible benefits. It is therefore expected for employees to be on the forefront in supporting and adhering to them. Likewise if an organization applies effectively these laws, it can benefit massively from dynamic, healthy, motivated, and productive employees. It therefore goes without saying that managers, just like employees, should promote these laws and thus ensures the organization conforms to them. Generally these laws govern the workplace actions of employers and employees. It ensures a fruitful and legally conducive environment and relationship exists between these two parties, and within employees themselves. Violating them cannot only put the organization effectiveness on jeopardy or defying employee employment at risk, but also it can lead to serious legal repercussion (Yamada, 2008). Re-emphasizing on specific employment related laws is of paramount importance considering Pomodoro Ltd recently subsumed Thompson snack. Such restructuring might affect directly employment positions of various employees. As such, keen interest should be paid on laws relating to wage and salaries, and unemployment compensation. In addition, the organization is composed of both international and local employees. It is therefore natural that the workforce would be largely diversified. Ensuring that laws encouraging diversity are adhered to and consequently eliminating any chance of discrimination and harassment should be a priority. Wage and Salary Fair Labor standards Acts (FLSA) is among the regulations that protect the compensation rights of the employees. This regulation covers non-expert employees by... ...1994). The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act: Effect on Notice Provision. Industrial and Labor Relation Review, 47 (4), 650-662. Guerin, L., & DelPo, A. (2007). Create your own Employee Handbook: Legal Practical Guide (3rd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Nolo. HG Legal Directories.org. (2012). Employment Discrimination Law. Retrieved from http://www.hg.org/employment-discrimination-law.html. Mashaw, J. L. (1996). Unemployment Compensation: Continuity, Change, and the Prospects for Reform, University of Michigan Journal of law Reforms, 29, 1-24. Ross, S. C. (2011). How on Earth Can You Possibly â€Å"File† An Oral Complaint?: An analysis of the Boundaries  § 215 (A) (3) of the Fail Labor Standard Act. St John Law Review, 84, 1543-1567. Yamada, D. C. (2008). Human Dignity and American Employment Law. University of Richmond Law Review, 43, 523-569.

Automobile and Product Essay

1a. The company this case is about is a company named DoorGuard. DoorGuard is a company that is trying to create a new market that protects cars from getting dinged or dented. 1b. Strengths: DoorGuard strengths are that there is currently no one else who has a product that does the same thing, along with a big target market. 1c. Weaknesses: Doorguard’s weaknesses are that he couldn’t find a concrete way to distribute and promote their product. Another weakness is that DoorGuard is a pioneer product it could boom or bust, with a pioneer product you cannot predict as well how successful your product will be. 1d. Opportunity-There is a big opportunity for this product to take off if he sold to only 5% of his target market he would be making $6,100,000. 1e. Threat- DoorGuard’s threat is they are a product pioneer. This will be a high risk, high reward company. It could skyrocket or else it will fall right on its face. It could be ahead of its time or the economic times could take a large portion of his target market and sway them in a different direction. 2. The market described in this article is anyone who has a car that costs $15,000 or more. These people are normally people who have are from their mid-late 20’s to 60’s that have a well paying job. They market also teenage kids who come from a wealthy family. 3. There are no direct competitors in this case. There is some indirect competition though with AutoShades. This is a company that prevents the sun from coming into the car. Their strengths are that they are cheap, sometimes come with the car when bought new, and also have different designs. The companies weakness compared to DoorGuard is that it does not protect the car at all. 4. The people possibly consuming or buying this product ages range from the mid 20’s –60’s. Most of these people are middle-upper middle class. The majority of these people have kids. These people drive to places where this is tight parking (grocery shopping, schools (elementary, middle and high), malls). For these people this product could be valuable in the long run it’d cost less off AutoGuard doors compared to removing dings and dents. 5. The technological market is important to recognize because DoorGuard’s anti-theft mechanism still destroys the product the consumer bought. This could be a problem that an adaption to the anti-theft mechanism could prevent. Economic market should also be acknowledged because with bad economic times most of DoorGuard’s target market people who are in their mid-late 20’s-60’s who not extremely wealthy people are but ordinary everyday people will be less likely to buy a good that they want and don’t necessarily need. If the car door gets dinged or dented the car will still run it’s not a necessity. Problem Statement: Should Steve Harris take the next step with his product and look to distribute it? Steve Harris focuses on distributing to the top five automobile manufactures (Ford, Chrysler, GM, Toyota, and Honda). With Harris looking to distribute to the top five automobile companies in their retail stores. They would be stored on a car as the customer walk into the store or stored between the main entrance and the secretary’s desk. There is a By targeting these big 5 automobile companies Harris will maximize his productivity by reaching almost all of his target market, while also having time to work on other aspects of his company. Distribute to every automobile retailer out their. With Harris selling his product in every automobile retailer it will guarantee that he is able to access his entire target market. By targeting every automobile retailers it takes away a more of a majority of their time and money compared to targeting only the top 5 retailers or not selling to any automobile retailers. Advertise and open your business and sell as a wholesaler to the customer. The advantage of not looking to distributing to any retailers is that you save on shipping cost to retailers. Harris will also have a lot more time to figuring out how to advertise and promote his product. The weakness is that it will be very hard to advertise and promote his product without an automobile company supporting his idea. Have Harris distribute DoorGuard to two or three car companies. The strengths with this strategy is he’ll be able to target a decent amount of the market. The amount he targets varies depending on which companies he picks. Harris will be able not worry about distribution as much as if he was distributing to the top 5 automobiles companies or every automobile company. This will allow Harris to focus more of his time towards his product, and promotion of the product. By have only a few car companies distributing his product there is a great chance that these companies will remain loyal to you in years to come. There are some negative effects though to this distribution process. With so few of distributors your fate is in their hands. For example say you decided to distribute to GM and Ford. For some reason Ford goes bankrupt and out of business. That’s roughly half of your target market that disappears. If one of the companies Harris distributes to goes down, AutoGuard as well will be in serious trouble financially. Your target market will be so small that it will be hard to hit 5% of all people buying an automobile. You need a plan B (alternative option) incase you one of the few automobile companies drastically falter. Recommendation Mr. Harris should focus on only distributing to the top five automobile companies. This will allow him to target the majority of the market while still being able to spend a lot of his time worrying about all the other aspects of his company (promotion/ advertising, and improving the product). With targeting this large section of the market for such a small cost it will allow him to adapt other aspects of his business and should be able to 5% of his market.

Gatorade †Every Game Needs a Hero Essay

The commercial is about the new Gatorade commercial entitled Every Game Needs a hero. The commercial uses stop motion to feature an ongoing game. With its monochromatic form, the only thing that can be viewed in full color is the Gatorade item that can be found on the side where the water jug must be put in.   The commercial uses the song O-fortuna by Therion, which is a very famous song used as soundtrack in a lot of suspense, actions, and adventure movies. Several sports were featured like baseball, basketball, football and tennis. Finally, the commercial made its subjects moved by exemplifying the climax of the game, hand in hand with inspirational short phrases. Moreover, a grand finale is set by showing the Gatorade logo in the end. By watching the commercial, it is indeed clear that the commercial is a type of brand Advertising. In this case, Gatorade has promoted its brand by using famous sports personalities to persuade people to buy its product. Gatorade is an energy drink suited to fight dehydration. Every athlete exerts their full force when playing a game and because of that, they partially or fully lose the water levels in their body causing them to dehydrate. With Gatorade’s goal, to re-hydrate, replenish and refuel, it is certainly effective to use some sports personalities to endorse its product. In their website, they are fully promoting that Gatorade is faster to absorb that water in rehydrating an active person’s body. The commercial, in my opinion as the bystander, is very easy to like. When I first watched it, it is undeniably eye-catching. The commercial implies a lot of curiosity in which a viewer will not hesitate to watch it until the end. The special effects used in this commercial, although not new, were very effective. The opening scene was stunning especially when everyone can relate to the visuals presented on the first frames of the commercial. When it comes to the music used, I personally like it, not to mention I am a big fan of the band Therion, but also because it is very familiar to everybody’s ear. The music used as part of the effects of every game was very effective. On the other hand, there are still some aspects in the commercial in which I, as the viewer will be able to dislike. If I didn’t see the Gatorade jug on a part of the commercial and instead, jumped on the middle or latter part of it, I would never have thought that it’s from Gatorade. The stop motion thing is good but was poorly edited or visually criticized. Also, the Gatorade thing in this commercial was poorly emphasized as well as the message is quite vague. The theme every game needs a hero is quite fuzzy as delivered in the commercial. It comes in a way in which leaving me, as a viewer confused by finding out who the hero was, is it Gatorade or the sports personalities? I may even think that the hero is me. By interpreting all the thoughts gathered in watching this Gatorade commercial, I have come to a wrap-up thought that Gatorade is just simply emphasizing that everyone can become like any other sports personalities just by putting Gatorade beside them. The commercial put a lot of energy in me, in which I would not hesitate to watch it over and over again.   It affects most to those who really love sports. In contrast, it may minimally affect those who have no heart for any sport activities. However, the commercial is stunning especially is viewed first time. All in all, I could say that the commercial is exceptionally effective.

Religion And Confession Essay

a. Define your topic in a relatively brief paragraph. The topic I chose is Confession. Confession is a basic part of living a spiritual life. For some cultures and organized religion, confession is a physical act of going to the priest, telling the priest your sins and asking sincerest repentance. One cannot partake of the Feast of the Holy Eucharist without confession because confession clears one’s conscience, is the way of receiving the Lord’s forgiveness. â€Å"Confession is the popular name for the Christian Sacrament of Penance or Reconciliation recognized by the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches. The rite consists in the acknowledgment of sins to a priest, who grants absolution in the name of God. Its biblical basis is found in the action of Jesus forgiving sins (Mark 2) and his commissioning of the Apostles to forgive sins (John 20:22-23).† (Favazza, 1982) b. How does the experience of guilt relate to or inform your topic? Guilt directly relates to confession. Confession is the act of asking forgiveness. Others are burdened with the issue of telling one’s sins to a priest who is only human at one end. But more than going through the complications of the process, one cannot go to confession willingly if one cannot first accept his guilt of sins that he committed. There is actually a part in the process of confession when one stipulates the sins that one is guilty of. Confession lets a person open himself to the Lord. â€Å"Keep your wants, your joys, your sorrow, your cares, and your fears before God. You cannot burden Him; you cannot weary Him. He who numbers the hairs of your head is not indifferent to the want of His children.† (White, p. 101). When the act of letting go of all the fears, desires and wants of a person is also the act of unburdening one’s self to his sins. Only when a man is empty of sins can the love of God enter his heart. â€Å"The more holy a man is, the more humble, self-renouncing, selfabhorring, and the more sensitive to every sin he becomes, and the more closely he clings to Christ. The moral imperfections which cling to him he feels to be sins, which he laments and strives to overcome. Believers find that their life is a constant warfare, and they need to take the kingdom of heaven by storm, and watch while they pray.† (Easton, 2006) c. What is the relationship of your topic to the experience of justification by faith God`s forgiveness and reconciling acceptance? Confession is a process institutionalized by God to show how forgiveness works. Through confession, one can experience repentance, forgiveness, reconciliation with the faith once again and the joy of feeling accepted by God’s love once more. A sinner who repents and asks forgiveness of his sins that he is guilty of is ready to accept the penalties of his sins. The kind of penalty bestowed upon a remorseful soul shows the kind of justice that faith exemplifies. Nothing compares to the experience of confession when a man is transformed from evil to good, from sinner to follower. â€Å"Confession of sin is also emphasized in the NT (Matt. 3:6; Mark 1:5), and with it is connected the promise of forgiveness of sins (I John 1:9; cf. Matt. 6:12), a forgiveness which is based solely on the death of Christ (Eph. 1:7)† (Quanbeck, 1968.) The death of Christ was able to save human souls from damnation to salvation. His dying on the cross was proof of God’s love to save human souls from sins. Without the death of Jesus, forgiveness will not be made manifest. The path of confessions is part of the path towards salvation. Part of Jesus seven last words, â€Å"Father, forgive them for they know not what they do,† exemplifies the absoluteness of forgiveness and the love of God to his people. d. In what way does your topic contribute to or inform growth in Christian character and service (commonly called sanctification and victory over sin)? Confession is a part of growing into a full Christian. Human beings will sin against the Lord as he walks the Path. Confession sharpens one’s Christian character because through confessions, a person learns what and how forgiveness is. When people go to confession, the advocacy itself informs other people about how Christians grow in the love of God. Through confession, people can allow themselves to be one with God again through the Holy Spirit. â€Å"Sanctification involves more than a mere moral reformation of character, brought about by the power of the truth: it is the work of the Holy Spirit bringing the whole nature more and more under the influences of the new gracious principles implanted in the soul in regeneration. In other words, sanctification is the carrying on to perfection the work begun in regeneration, and it extends to the whole man (Rom. 6:13; 2 Cor. 4:6; Col. 3:10; 1 John 4:7; 1 Cor. 6:19). It is the special office of the Holy Spirit in the plan of redemption to carry on this work (1 Cor. 6: 11; 2 Thess. 2:13). The Apostle’s Creed mentions the basic principle that sanctifies confession in, â€Å"I believe in the Holy Ghost; the holy catholic Church; the communion of saints; the forgiveness of sins; the resurrection of the body; and the life everlasting.† The Church of God is developed by sinners who have gone back, believed in the â€Å"forgiveness of sins† that is why confessions are important in reminding people of the faith. And so even the most hideous crime and guilt, if confessed with sincerest repentance, has the hope to be forgiven. e. How can your topic help one to know and understand God personally? The ordinary man would not really know how sorry a sinner is. Sincerety can be seen in gestures but this is not enough when it’s a case when one asks forgiveness. People may have an idea how sincere the apology is but in the case of murder in the first degree, at the moment before serving death sentences, at that moment, confession is but a process between you and the Lord. The personal relationship of a person and God is a very special one. The act of confession is a venue where that personal relationship can start and can be kept. This keeping will have great effects towards advocating the sanctity of that kind of relations so that others may be able to have that special relations with God. â€Å"If Christians would associate together, speaking to each other of the love of God and of the precious truths of redemption, their own hearts would be refreshed and they would refresh one another.† (White. p 103) f. What are the social consequences of your topic? In other words, how does your topic affect or inform your relationship to other persons in your life? Confessions better a person. A person who understands and believes in the concept of confessions believes in concepts of forgiveness, repentance, salvation and above all, humility. Amidst the many challenges expected of modern man, the value of confessions will enable a person to keep his morals intact and act ethically in life. Much of evil ways happen because man has forgotten that his life, his body and the resources around him are not his own. They are essentially gifts from God. Abuse of these gifts happen because man thinks he is on top of the food chain, sole predator of all things on earth. When a person forgets that there is a higher being than him, he is corrupted. Confession will be an insitution that will remind that the sinful man is a given thing on earth but due to God’s almighty love, God forgives the sincerely repentful human being thereby giving him another chance to enter the kingdom of heaven. Bibliography Favazza, Joseph, The Order of Penitents (1988); Martos, Joseph, Doors to the Sacred (1982). Holy Bible. Crossway Books; Compact edition (April 2005) W.A. Quanbeck, IDB,I,667-68; R.H. Alexander, TWOT,I, 364-66; O. Michel, TDNT,V, 199-219; V.C. Grounds, ZPEB,I, 937-39. White, Ellen. Steps to Jesus. Adventist Book Center New Jersey; Booklet edition (January 1998)

Ptlls Level 3 Unit 001

Preparing to Teach in the Life Long Learning Sector Unit 001 – Roles, Responsibilities and relationships in lifelong learning. Candidate Name: City and Guilds Number: TASK A Guidance Document Driver Training Department. Guidance Document for driver trainers working with learners Overview Instructing, coaching and assessing in the driver training sector can present many challenges and variants when interacting with learners on a day to day basis.Training scenarios can greatly differ in their aim, practical application or severity of risk assessment and your involvement can then vary to include the protection of personal information, development of training materiel or direct contact with individuals. You should be aware of how your actions could influence or impact on not only learners, but also colleagues the Service and even members of the public. Legislation It is essential you familiarise yourself with the various Legislative acts, regulatory requirements (including codes o f practice) and Service policies which have been outlined below.Though it is not expected for trainers to know these word for word, you will need both an accurate interpretation of them and the ability to refer to them with ease. Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) This Act sets out the general duties which employers have towards employees and members of the public, and duties which employees have to themselves and to each other. The Act is in force to make the working environment a safe and secure place for any individual within it. Generally common sense assures us of this but by raising awareness and understanding then further improvements to the working conditions can be realised.The main aspects of the act are; †¢Requirements for the employer to ensure the health and safety of its employees †¢Requirements for the employer to provide adequate information, training and supervision of its employees along with adequate equipment and systems of work †¢Requirements fo r you to take care of yourself or others that may be affected by things you do or neglect to do. †¢Requirements for you to co-operate with employers and not to misuse or interfere with anything provided in the interests of health, safety or welfare.You will also be teaching and working within some regulations that are ‘born from’ or linked to the Health and Safety at Work Act. The main ones of these are. †¢PUWER (Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations) 1998 †¢LOLER (Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations) 1998 Further information on Health and Safety legislation can be found on the LFRS Service intranet system, http://Pages/Health-and-Safety. aspx where there are also links to www. hse. gov. uk for self- research. You can also find relevant presentations for delivery to learners on the Driver Training Department, server in the presentations folder.Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 and Road Safety Act 2006 When working in the Emergenc y Response Driver Training (ERDT) sector, this legislation forms a major influence on not only what you teach but also how you teach it. †¢Section 19 Road Safety Act 2006 (ne. sect. 87 Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984) gives and exemption for speed limits provided that i)observing the speed limit would hinder the vehicle, ii) the driver has been trained in accordance with this legislation, iii) the vehicle is being used for training purposes. †¢Contained within the Road Safety Act is the competency requirements of ERDTYou will also be teaching and working within some regulations that are ‘born from’ or linked to the Acts. The main ones of these are. †¢Traffic Signs and General Directions Regulation 2002 †¢Zebra, Pelican and Puffin Pedestrian Crossing Regulations 1997 †¢Motorway Traffic (England & Wales) Regulations 1982 Further information on road traffic legislation can be found on the LFRS Service intranet system, http://Pages/DriverTraining-M aterial. aspx where there are relevant presentations and also links to Department for Transport section within www. gov. uk/government/orginisations/department-for-transport web sites for self- research.Service Policy LFRS has a service Health and Safety policy specifically covering all types of vehicle related operations. It is titled Road Risk Management and acts a policy, but also gives guidance to the above legislative requirements. There is an overriding message of ‘drive to arrive’, highlighted by response driving speed limits. †¢Responding vehicles are subject to a policy enforced limit of the speed limit enforced for that vehicle on that road at that time, + 20 mph. Road Risk Management policy is available on LFRS intranet system http://corporate/policies/Pages/PoliciesProcedures. spx Though not part of your main role, there may be occasions where you come into contact with vulnerable groups. You should make yourself aware of service guidance relating to th is subject and the legislation Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006. This can be found on www. legislation. gov. uk Professional Qualifications and Membership As a member of the Driver Training team you will be required to hold several qualifications or memberships that may require periodic re-accreditation, CPD and operating within Codes of Practice.Your role will require registration as a member of the Institute for Learning, IfL. It has a code that was developed by the profession for the profession to outline the behaviours expected of members. The Driver Training department adopts the code and its outlining behaviours; †¢Integrity †¢Respect †¢Care †¢Practice †¢Disclosure †¢Responsibility Further information can be found on the IfL website www. ifl. ac. uk You should also make yourself familiar with The Further Education Teachers’ Qualifications Regulations 2012. This can be found at www. legislation. gov. ukProfessional relationships, resp onsibilities and boundaries. You should look to behave in a way that is appropriate to your role and promote appropriate behaviour and respect from learners you interact with. You should be aware and operate within any ground rules that are set by your employer and emphasised through your line manager. You are also responsible for ground rules that you should look to install between you and your learners. Below are some examples and scenarios that you should be aware of in your role. The role of a Driver Trainer often brings you into close contact with small roups of learners, in a closed and personal environment and for extended periods of time. The need to create an open and relaxed environment is important, especially during ERDT, but this could lead to a blurring of boundaries between teacher and learner. It is important that you are aware of this and maintain the authority to be able to control situations safely when teaching in a moving vehicle environment. Though you may know students through other avenues such as other work activities or sports clubs you should be aware of discussing aspects of training, especially on social media sites.You should also be aware of commenting on aspects of your working day which could be open to public view and be easily misinterpreted by other employees or members of the public. You should be aware of the boundaries of your responsibilities during your working day. For example, you may encounter a problem with a training vehicle that you think you may be able to repair. This may cause further damage or not repair the fault adequately which may have implications later in the day. The service has many departments that specialise in different areas that are available for you to call on and will assist you when it is beyond your responsibility.During the delivery of training courses your main responsibility will be to your students; however there will be other professionals who you will need to interact with. Internally th ese could include other instructors, colleagues from other departments, your line managers and learner’s line managers. You should aim to deal with each whilst remaining professional and thoughtful of the role they have and to not overstep the boundary of your role. External agencies such as Police, training facilities or members of the public should be dealt with professionally and respectfully.Remember you are representing the service and the department at all times. If you are ever in doubt of your responsibilities and boundaries of your role, always ask someone, either another teacher, line manager or a colleague related to the task in question. Individual learning needs Though on the surface most driver training courses are ‘pre-programmed’ with times, facilities and outcomes; the learning that is delivered is very flexible and can vary greatly from course to course due to the individual’s needs. It is your responsibility to facilitate this, rememberi ng to stay within the boundaries of your role.A scenario may occur where a student has personal commitments such has child care or transportation problems that may affect the delivery of the course. Guidance for the flexibility of course timings can be, at the first point, discussed between teacher and learner. This could then be referred to Driver Training line manager or the Specialist Training Manager for clarity or confirmation. If longer periods of time off are needed you can refer the learner to the Absence Management Policy http://corporate/policies/Pages/PoliciesProcedures. spx . There is often a miss conception within the service that the standard of numeracy and literacy skills is fairly similar, or at least above a given standard. The truth is often far from this and you should be aware of a learners need in this area. Though the majority of driver training is of a practical nature you should be aware of learning barriers. These can include factors such as an individualâ €™s learning style or conditions such as dyslexia. Learners may be unaware of these factors or unwilling to disclose them.For learning styles you can encourage completion of a VAK questionnaire, found on the team site http://team/sites/ds/default. aspx. This will enable you and the learner to better focus the information they receive and may make them more aware of their learning style. When delivering sessions that involve presentations, reading, writing, facts and figures or even discussions, be respectful of individual’s learning needs and be observant of the learner’s reactions. You should be aware of factors linked to dyslexia that may also affect other aspects of driver training.Disorders such as dyspraxia may be apparent in a mild form and can affect a learner’s movement and coordination. This may become evident when operating lifting hydraulics or following verbal commands in a vehicle. If you experience learners that make you aware of these factors work together with them in a respectful way. If you or they need further information there are many useful websites such as the dyslexia foundation www. dyslexiafoundation. co. uk/ and the dyspraxia foundation. www. dyspraxiafoundation. org. uk/ . Reference List

Work and education experience Personal Statement

Work and education experience - Personal Statement Example The skills learned in this office helped to shape my new mind toward business. As a sales assistant I was able to work and interact with many different varieties of people with different beliefs and personal values. There is much discussion today about how to manage people successfully with diversity being a regular theme. In a sales assistant position, the salesperson needs to understand how to work with clients of many backgrounds and understand some of the psychology about how they speak and act. Many of the trainings given as the sales assistant included customer service values and how to handle complicated customer situations with professionalism and respect. I believe these customer service and diversity values are some of the most important parts of business experience which makes for a better company leader. Education includes Mayflower Junior School in Nigeria from September 1988 to June 1993 with what is referred to in that area as a first leaving certificate. This certificate acts as proof of successful completion of the early program. Olivet Baptist School was the secondary school which I attended from September 1993 to June 1998. After completing the traditional schooling, I then studied at Cumprint Computer College in 2000. Here I learned many technologies and software packages and how to manage data using spreadsheets and other programs like Microsoft Powerpoint. These skills have been very important because they give me better tools for managing business and keeping track of important customer information. The Carlton Institute of Beauty is my final education experience which is liked to my long-term goals and business ambitions. Here I learn the many skills necessary to provide good customer service and also the tools for making the world a more beautiful place. STUDY SKILLS TECHNIQUES I discovered that beauty is the area of business which most interests me out of many other possible decisions I could have made regarding my education. Because of this I am always focused on the speaker in the lecture room and dedicated to learning. I also would believe that the lecturer would be very motivated to give a great lecture if they know that the students are interested. There is a kind of dual respect in the classroom which is necessary, so I think that respect and attention is one great study skill. I have even made flash cards for myself in areas where my knowledge is weakest. I try to understand which topics are most difficult for me to remember and then figure out interesting ways to link a concept. I think the key is to understand personal weaknesses in studying and then come up with a new and interesting way to make learning easier. Taking notes is also a technique that I use because it helps me to log information as it is learned in real time. If there is something that I believe will be of the highest importance for a future exam or test, I make sure to write it down. Afterward, I look over the information and try to remember why I found it important enough to write down. This keeps me always in focus and always thinking about classroom information so that I am not distracted to other situations. I think taking notes for me is about self-discipline. ACADEMIC SKILLS PROFILE My reading and writing have improved greatly. Using the skills that I learned at the Cumprint Computer College, I am able to

Google Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Google - Case Study Example In short, Google has raised stiff challenges to many of the prominent IT companies in the world. However, Google is facing several problems also because of the stiff competition from others. Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft, Yahoo and Apple are some of the major IT companies which are raising several problems to Google. Moreover, Google’s HR management is also criticized heavily by business pundits. Many people believe that Google is not fulfilling its corporate social responsibility and it is following unethical business practices. This paper analyses the ethical problems facing by Google and the possible solutions or recommendations to solve those problems. One of the major criticisms labelled against Google is with respect to its unethical management of human resources. Verma (2006) has pointed out that â€Å"Google’s high growth rate is creating new HR challenges for the company. Google has built a culture where a well-chosen elite accommodates flexibility, shifting roles and, above all else, urgency† (Verma). Google’s recruitment process is causing huge problems to the job aspirants. It includes; coding contests, mysterious billboards and aptitude tests apart from lengthy interviews which lasts for months. Google may reject majority of the candidates who undergone lengthy recruitment processes, citing simple reasons. Those who successfully cross the recruitment process may fail in background check ups. In short, job seekers are approaching Google’s recruitment process with lot of concerns and worries. The second unethical behaviour practiced by Google is its effort to interfere in politics. Catone (2007) has mentioned that â€Å"Being the most heavily used search engine, Google in a very real sense control the distribution of information to much of the world. Google has recently started a blog to tagline Googles views on government, policy and politics in America† (Catone). Millions

Business enviroment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business enviroment - Essay Example The micro level or the task environment consist of the competitive forces and the environmental uncertainty and external stakeholders of a business. The relationship of a company with its external environment is difficult. As such, it is important for all types of companies to have an understanding of the way in which the external environment functions and changes. The external environment of any company is an essential driver of the success or failure of the company because they support the five main objectives of any company which are survival, growth, profitability, efficiency and stability. The constraints and opportunities in the external environment of a business are significant factors that can impact a business. Also, the external environment is a multifaceted and dynamic environment which undergoes continuous change. So, in order to remain in competition and sustain, a company has to essentially analyse the external business environment in a regular manner. PEST analysis is an important strategic management tool used by companies to analyse the external business environment. The PEST analysis includes an analysis of the political, economic, social and technological factors in the external environment that may directly or indirectly impact the survival, growth and profitability of a company. Bianchi will uses the PEST analysis tool to understand the political, economic, social and technological environment prevailing in the United Kingdom. The company can also use the tool to calculate the opportunities and threats in the external business environment of the United Kingdom bicycle industry. PEST analysis is a necessary analysis to conduct by any business when it plans to enter into a new market. Therefore, it is also necessary for Bianchi to uses the tool before taking decisions for expanding its business into the United Kingdom market. The existing situations in the external business environment can

A Comparative Narrative Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Comparative Narrative - Term Paper Example Both the countries have an open economy. Their relations have enhanced rapidly after the free trade agreement between them, which reduced their existing trade barriers (Berkelmans, Davis, McKibbin & Stoeckel, 2001, pp. 1-112). On the other hand, trade relation between China and the US has been a topic of serious discussion in recent times. Due to sustained growth in economies of both the countries, there has been a considerable enhancement in import and export activities between them (Wang, 2010, pp. 165-210). This paper intends to analyze the present trade or business relations between the countries of China and Australia with the US. Furthermore, the paper would aim to present a comparative analysis with regard to the business relationship between Australia-US and China-US. Discussion Trade is an important aspect for economy of any country. In the modern day context, trade between countries has expanded rapidly primarily owing to the enhanced globalization. In this portion of the p aper, the trade relations of Australia and China with US would be exemplified. Trade Relations of Australia with the US The two nations i.e. Australia and the United stated share a healthy trade relationship. Both the countries share many cultural and traditional values among them. Trade is equally important to both the countries. Approximately 11% of the Australian exports are conducted with the United States. Moreover, the United States is the origin of one-fifth of the imports of Australia (Garnaut, 2002, pp. 123-141). The US is one of the major single investors in Australia. The main source of finance of Australian’s firms is from the US investors. The extent of merchandise and services trade between the two countries is quite positive. It was observed that in the year 1999, the total trade involving the two countries was valued at around US$23.3 billion. 90 % of trade deficit between the two countries is in terms of merchandise and the remaining 10% is of services (Berke lmans, Davis, McKibbin & Stoeckel, 2001, pp. 1-112). Both the countries possess an open economy. To enhance their relation in terms of business, the two countries have undergone a free trade agreement (FTA) to minimize the existing trade barriers between them by a considerable extent. Both the countries have been recognized to be aware of the economic gains that would arise from the agreement. After the agreement both the countries have experienced an increase in welfare (i.e. distinguished by household consumption) and production (i.e. recognized by GDP) due to the reduced barriers. Australian welfare continued to rise from 0.3 percent to 0.5 percent. After the agreement, Australia enjoyed a US$2 billion annual increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) i.e. 0.33 percent increase. Similarly, the US also experienced an increase of US$2.1 billion annually in their GDP i.e. 0.02 percent increase. It can be seen from the GDP scenario that the Australian economy was more benefitted by the trade agreement than the US economy. Overall, there was an optimistic economic gain for both the Australian and the US economy from the trade agreement. The undertaking of the agreement would further increase the trade among the two nations in the future (Berkelmans, Davis, McKibbin, & Stoeckel, 2001, pp. 1-112). Nevertheless, there are certain barriers in relation to trade that prevail among the two nations. For the United States, the trade of dairy, sugar, shipping and commercial vehicles has certain barriers. The barriers to Australian sugar exports generate from high tariff which is almost equal to 80%. There are certain other barriers on trade of cotton, financial and metals services among others that exist for Australian

Learning Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Learning Theory - Essay Example Kolb. However in the recent years the ways of learning given by Kolb have been amended and put into different forms. This essay would further analyze the different ways of learning in the light of the basic tool of Kolb. According to David A. Kolb individuals learn through four different styles. The styles followed by individuals are in accordance to the behavior exhibited by the individual. These four learning techniques not only apply to objective instances but also to practical ones. It helps to decide and take decisions accordingly in businesses and while leading. The learning ways given by Kolb have changed through out to give a better understanding to the learners. These can be divided into Activist, Reflective, Theorist and Pragmatist. People who tend to work out their role through experimentation are included in the group of Activists. Individuals in this group tend to play an active function to attain knowledge and produce effective results in accordance. As experimentation is the basis of this group it makes the individuals change the whole scenario of a certain theme. It can be said to be a disadvantage if used in an environment where theories and structure play a role. The main key to this type of learning is getting influence from others and then taking an action accordingly. Similarly this learning style can be an advantage if used at a place where individuals are more goal oriented. This learning technique can be made stronger if facts are used instead of direct experimentation. One can think properly before carrying out a certain step and this can make this learning style a perfect one. Furthermore this style is only welcomed at places where experimentation is recommended. Team work is usually preferred i n this type of learning technique as it would help the individual to take influence from others and work accordingly. Another learning way as described by Kolb is Reflective. In this type of learning one does not act or implement his thinking in the way it should be. He rather thinks and observes all the things thoughtfully for a long time. Clearing up of ideas and concepts is the basic theme in this type of learning. One is discouraged from carrying on the experimentation stage rather he is diverted towards learning and balancing concepts. In this type of learning one can evaluate a situation from all possible angles and can know better how it should be implemented in practice. However mostly they do not tend to carry out the experiments related to the concepts learned and assessed. These individuals tend to work in groups and are more diverted towards the field of arts.The third way of learning is known to be Theorist which deals with the individuals who tend to gather out facts arrange it and conclude accordingly. These types of individuals do not take into account the emotions and reality but r ather base their conclusions on theories. The practicalities of different situations are not taken into account by this type of learning individuals. These individuals are more diverted to abstract thoughts and do not pay heed to human factor i.e. the emotional factor. Most of the individuals who belong to this category may not do well in instances where the techniques are to be related to the humans or to the feelings of these human beings. Most of the people belonging to this group are more indulged in the field of science. The fourth and the last way of learning i