JPMorgan Chase Paper Essay Example for Free

JPMorgan Chase Paper Essay In the summer of 2012, JPMorgan Chase, the largest leading U. S. bank, announced trading losses from investment decisions made by its Chief Investment Office (CIO) of $5. 8 billion. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was provided falsified first quarter reports that hidden this massive loss. Discuss how administrative agencies like the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) take action in order to be effective in preventing high-risk gambles in securities / banking, a foundation of the economy. In the summer of 2012, JPMorgan Chase, the largest leading U. S. bank, make known trading losses from investment verdict made by its Chief Investment Office (CIO) of $5. 8 billion. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was provided falsified first quarter reports that concealed this enormous loss. The duty of the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission is to protect investors, uphold fair, organize, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation. Obligatory public companies to disclose meaningful financial information to the public is an effective move toward the SEC takes in order to assure the securities of this nation (U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission). These assist investors prevent high-risk gambles and allows them to make the right decisions when deciding on which companies to invest in. The Commodity Future Trading Commission regulates the product futures and options markets. Its target includes the promotion of competitive and efficient futures markets and the protection of investors against manipulation, abusive trade scheme and fraud (U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission). Both the SEC and the CFTC played a role in investigating the massive trading losses in the case of JPMorgan Chase. The SEC’s investigation could only focus on the suitability and completeness of JPMorgan Chase financial reporting and other public disclosures. However; SEC Chairman Mary Schapiro stated that her agencys investigation is limited, because the trades happened in divisions of the banking giant that arent subject to SEC regulation (CNN Money). The leader of CFTC, Gary Gensler, give an opinion that â€Å"JPMorgans losses are worth looking into, because as a U. S. bank, it is an entity with direct admission to the Federal Reserves discount window and federal deposit insurance (CNN Money). Determine the elements of a valid contract, and discuss how consumers and banks each have a duty of good faith and fair dealing in the banking relationship. A contract is a legally obligatory promise or set of promises (Bagley, C. 2013). If this promise is broken, either party involved can be legally responsible and take the other party to court. There are four basic elements in the creation of a valid contract. The first consist of an agreement between the parties involved, by an presented offer and acceptance. The second states that the parties’ promises must be supported by something of worth, known as consideration. The third advises both parties must have the ability to enter into a contract. The fourth element states the contract must have a legal purpose (Bagley, C 2013). The duty of good faith and good dealing is implied in every contract. In recent years the mortgage industry has been seen as a prime example of how consumers and banks need to better understand and adhere to duty of good faith and good dealings. Consumers had the responsibility of understanding the contracts involved in borrowing the money needed for their homes. Banks had the responsibility of knowing who they should lend money to, and the conditions of the rates involved on the loans provided. Relationships between banks and consumers could have been avoided if the duty of good faith and good dealing was implemented on contracts granted between the banks and consumers. Compare and contrast the differences between intentional and negligent tort actions A tort is a body of rights, and obligations that is applied by courts in civil proceedings to provide relief for persons who have suffered harm. Tort means civil wrong resulting in injury to a person or property (Bagley, C. 2013). An intentional tort action is when there is intent to cause harm to a person or property . Intentional torts include things like assault and battery, slander, false imprisonment, libel, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. These torts are often, but not always, the case that an intentional tort is also a criminal act (Bagley, C. 2013). A negligent tort action is when a person is careless to his or her own actions and did not intend to cause harm to a person or property. Even though that person is negligent, he or she is still held legally responsible because of their careless actions. To illustrate the difference between negligence and an intentional tort, let’s look at an example with two different scenarios. The plaintiff is a woman named Ramona, and in both cases, she is suing because of a broken leg. state of affair #1: Ramona is walking down the aisle of Wal-Mart store when she slips and falls on a puddle of cooking oils. The owner of the store was negligent for not cleaning up the spill. Even though the store owner did not intend for Ramona to get hurt, he is still liable for her broken led because his negligence lead to her injury. Scenario #2: Molly is walking to her car when she is assaulted by a man who wants to steal her wallet. The assailant shoves her to the ground, and she breaks her wrist as a result of the attack. The police later catch the assailant, and Molly sues him for her injuries. In both cases the end result is the same; Ramona end up with a broken leg. Both defendants can be held liable for Ramona injuries, but for different reasons. The store owner is liable because he failed to clean up the spilled of oils, which a reasonable person would have done. The assaulter is liable because they intentionally caused harm to Molly by pushing her. Discuss the tort action of â€Å"Interference with Contractual Relations and Participating in a Breach of Fiduciary duty† and, if the bank you’ve chosen were to behave as JP Morgan did, would you be able to prevail in such a tort action. The interference with contractual relations defends the right to enjoy the benefits of legally binding agreements (Bagley, C 2013). The existence of a contract at the time of the assumed interference is what separates tortuous interference with contract from the more complicated to establish tortuous interference with prospective contractual relations. If good grounds exist for the interference, such as the case with JP Morgan, then the defendant would not be liable. With the advent of mobile banking, discuss how banks have protected the software that allows for online transaction to occur through automation. The majority banks inform consumers that they are protected by the Online Banking Security Guarantee, which covers the security of your information and bank accounts. Banks hold a liability of making sure the consumers security is protected, and if dishonored most banks will guarantee up to a 100 percent against theft of your funds from online banking services. While many worry about online banking, there’s good news that mobile banking is to some extent secure just for the reason that there are so numerous variations of banking apps and methods in the market. A thief has no way of predicting which technique a possible victim might use. Cited Work U. S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission. (n. d. ). Retrieved March 1, 2013, from U. S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission: http://www. cftc. gov/index. htm CNN Money (n. d. ). Retrieved March 1, 2013, from http://money. cnn. com/2012/05/22/news/economy/jp-morgan-senate/index. htm U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (n. d. ). Retrieved March 1, 2013, from U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission: http://www. sec. gov/ Bagley, C. (2013). Managers and the Legal Environment: Strategies for the 21st Century, 7th Edition. Mason: South-Western, Cengage Learning.

Chilly Morning. Essay -- essays research papers

There is a place where the chill of the morning air cuts through a person like a knife. To stand up would take every muscle of the body, but even that would take too much energy. Thus, one sits upon the icy pond called the floor. Is this a dream? Somewhere a voice answers that it is more like a nightmare, so one just makes the most of it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All around the sights and sounds of the morning begin to take affect. Very few people are there in the beginning. They all are in a sleepy haze, yearning to be back in the sweet comforts of their own bed. There they can wrap themselves in a blanket of never ending warmth and dream a never ending dream. In the harsh reality of the morning, they are here in the chilly morning air. There are very few sounds in the twilight of the day. All that one can hear is the buzz of what is the beginning of talking. Far off there is the sound of an early morning basketball game. There the players can hear the cheering of the crowd of a championship ball game in its fourth quarter. Will they win? Who knows?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is some strange aroma that starts to wake the senses. In a nearby room there is a fresh, hot pot of coffee brewing. It begins to wake the senses and the mind, however, one still would rather be at home in bed. An awful stench begins to take the place of the coffee. The smell of breakfast begins to drift down from the kitchen. It has the aroma of mom cooking scrambled eggs. One begins to ...

Perkin Warbeck Essay

Explain why Perkin Warbeck remained a threat to the security of Henry VII for so many years. Perkin Warbeck was the second Yorkist pretender to the English throne after Lambert Simnel was defeated at the Battle of Stoke in 1487. Between the years 1491-99, he posed a significantly destabilising threat to Henry VII in dynastic terms, impersonating Richard of York, the younger son of Edward IV. The successes of Warbeck, which led him to remain a threat to the King’s security, may be largely categorised into the support from foreign powers during this period and discontent existing in England due to Henry’s methods of ruling with relation to sustaining an authoritative and respected status both within his own country and abroad. Whilst it is possible to challenge such a concept of a threat, Warbeck was eventually executed in November 1499, demonstrating in a modern context that the King’s perception of this pretender was one of great concern for his position. Steven Gunn has suggested that ‘Henry was a usurper and carried with him the problems of this title’. Upon taking the English throne, it was inevitable that Henry would face opposition to his rule, particularly in consideration of his lack of familiarity with English politics and those supporters of the Yorkist claim. With the knowledge that Richard III intended John de la Pole to inherit the crown and having already fought at the Battle of Stoke to secure his position, it would seem almost equally likely that Henry would be a paranoid character by the time that Perkin Warbeck came to attention, and he could not predetermine the reactions of the De la Pole family, who were largely responsible for the pretenders. It is significant not only that Warbeck was the second embodiment of discontent within Henry’s reign, but also that political unsettlement had been apparent under his predecessor – also a usurper. Henry is likely to have feared reaching the same fate as Richard III, whose reign had been plagued with suspicions surrounding the Princes in the Tower controversy and indeed, the dating of his coronation to appear three days before his victory at Bosworth suggests paranoia existing even before his rule. Thus Warbeck is best viewed in one sense as a non-military threat, being an encouragement of this paranoia through the exploitation of Henry’s potentially weak position. He reminded the King of the existence of dissatisfaction within his own country and later among foreign powers. The princes had never been seen again and were presumed murdered by their uncle, Richard III. In this way, there was an immediate simplicity for Warbeck to exploit the lack of clarification as to what had happened to them. Whereas Lambert Simnel’s claim was flawed in that Henry was able to parade the true Earl of Warwick through London during the crisis, Warbeck was imitating Edward IV’s younger son, Richard of York. Hence this crisis was much more serious, for Henry was unable to prove the existence of the true Richard and if Warbeck truly was the prince he impersonated, his claim to the English throne would have been superior to that of Henry. The threat of Warbeck was enlarged by the context in which it occurred – those behind the pretender were able to follow a potentially fatal method by which Henry’s position could be destabilised. In order to ascertain why any pretender to the throne would become a prolonged threat, the nature of the monarch’s rule must be evaluated. The view of Steven Gunn could be expanded upon to maintain that Henry’s rule naturally had characteristics of that of a usurper: unlike a hereditary monarch, he required more stringent methods of discipline to enforce his position as a ruler. In addition to passing attainders against those involved with the pretenders (Edmund de la Pole was fined à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5000 to inherit some of his brother’s lands and never inherited the dukedom of Suffolk for his involvement with Simnel) Empson and Dudley greatly assisted in coordinating the increased use of bonds and recognisances against subjects. Then in 1497, Perkin Warbeck’s forces rallied the rebels during the second Cornish Rising in protest against raised taxes to support the invasion of Scotland and together, they nearly took the city of Exeter. In this way, it can be observed that Warbeck becoming a threat was in a paradoxical sense – Henry needed to use more powerful methods of rule to secure his own position and dynasty than an ordinary monarch due to his status, though the discontent which such methods brought about led to resentful individuals turning to the diversion of Warbeck. Threats in military terms from Perkin Warbeck during this period may be largely attributed to foreign support. Indeed, Warbeck potentially had concern also from nobility such as Sir William Stanley, as Margaret of Burgundy, sister of Edward IV, proclaimed him as her long-lost nephew. The role of France was crucial in causing Warbeck to remain a threat to the security of Henry’s position. In 1491, he moved to the French court and was treated similarly to a prince by Charles VIII, which illustrated to Henry a possibility of an invasion – the French had funded his own invasion of England in 1485 to overthrow Richard III, and the case could potentially have been that this claimant was genuine. The threat was heightened by Charles’ discontent in 1492 after Henry’s assistance of the Duchess of Brittany in an attempt to retain her independence from France, whilst the 1489 Treaty of Medina del Campo with Spain led the French to encourage James IV of Scotland to invade England. It was Henry’s invasion of France in 1492 which appeared to be a very drastic action with regard to this pretender – it was clear that with foreign military backing, his position could be significantly threatened. However, in this respect, it must be noted that the threat was not Warbeck as an individual, but rather the concept of the proceedings and those supporting him. He became a focus for French discontent with Henry VII in the same way that he had been a Yorkist focus in England. A prolonged threat from any pretender to any throne can always be attributed to discontent with a monarch’s rule. Conformingly, Perkin Warbeck was often able to exploit this to enlist support and increase opposition to the King. It is clear that the level of foreign support given to the pretender ultimately was the greatest contributing factor in threatening Henry’s security due to the possibility of a successful invasion, though the paranoia and the methods of rule enlisted to secure his dynasty were equal factors in causing Warbeck to remain a threat. In contrast, it is very significant that Warbeck was never a primary threat as an individual, but merely a strong secondary threat behind the foreign powers and nobility that supported him – it was the concept that destabilised the position of Henry VII.

Police Brutality Against African Americans - 1972 Words

But if we have better communication between the good cops with the community, there would be less of the bad cops who kill for no reason. Police brutality against African Americans have been increasing over the past couple of years. Proper training of law enforcers and better education to the community will help ensure some of these incidents would not end with a life lost. â€Å"Police need to learn more than logistics of policing but also the broader significance of their role in society† (Police Need Better). In this statement it is saying that yes, the job of the police to enforce the law, but also to ensure the safety of general public. Many Caucasian officers are getting away with the senseless killings of the African American population. For instance, in the case with Michael Slager trial, there was a mistrial declared. â€Å"A judge in Charleston declare a mistrial Monday after a jury deliberated 22 hours over four days without reaching a unanimous verdict. Slager, 35 , testified he feared for his life when he shot Scott, 50, in the back as he fled a traffic stop in April 2015† (Bacon). There is now a delay in the justice that Walter Slager deserves. Another terrible killing that happened in the town of Charleston, was the Emmanuel Nine. Dylan Roof went into the Emmanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church on a Wednesday, June 17th, 2015, afternoon during bible study and shot nine innocent African Americans. The nine victims were Reverend Clementa Pinckney, Cynthia Hurd,Show MoreRelatedPolice Brutality Against African Americans1997 Words   |  8 PagesThese were some of the last words from victims of police brutality against African Americans. Police brutality has been occurring ever since the police force began, but recently, the police have been targeting African Americans. In 2016, more than 250 African Americans were killed by the police. Most of the victims were unarmed and have not committed a serious offense. These frightening stat istics do not have to continue. If the average American recognized the severity of the issue and raised theirRead MorePolice Brutality Against African Americans1997 Words   |  8 PagesPolice Brutality against African Americans From over 300 years African Americans have struggled from being taken from their homeland to being forced into slavery. They regained their so-called ‘Freedom’ but were never quite equal with all. African Americans have been fighting for equality for years and have had multiple leaders bring attention to the issues like Martin Luther King Junior forming marches to Rosa Parks refusing to get up from her seat for a White person. In this day of age AfricanRead MorePolice Brutality Against African Americans1358 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality against African Americans is nothing new in today’s society. Twenty five years after the beating of Rodney King in Los Angeles, Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Tamir Rice, Eric Garner, and countless other unarmed African American men and women have become victims of police officers. Riots and protests in places like Ferguson, Baltimore and Cleveland have garnered the issue and unprecedented amount of attention, especially i n the media. It has also caused an outcry among the AmericanRead MorePolice Brutality Against African Americans Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pages Police brutality against African Americans was a huge impact in Los Angeles, California in 1991, and continues to be a problematic situation in America today. On March 3, 1991, a group of white LAPD beat Rodney King. After this incident occurred a lot of negative events started to transpire. A lot of African Americans were angry and demanded justice. The relationship between the LAPD and the Los Angeles community in 1991 were horrific and still continues to be awful today. Police brutality justRead MorePolice Brutality Of African Americans1405 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years police brutality towards African Americans has increased. This violence has resulted in riots across the United States. The August 2014 death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri many Americans, some who are former Civil Rights activists, have spoken out again st police brutality. Black Lives Matter states that the movement’s goal is to bring justice to the present unjust police killings of African Americans. Looking at prior cases of brutality and its connection to racial profilingRead MoreEssay On Police Brutality1478 Words   |  6 Pagesongoing, which leads to police brutality. In â€Å"Why Are So Many Black Americans Killed By Police?†, Carl Bialik, reveals racism (consciously or not) leads to police brutality of African Americans. Kia Makarechi in â€Å"What The Data Really Says About Police and Racial Bias†, shows evidence of African Americans receiving more police brutality because of racism. Clint Smith in â€Å"Racism, Stress, and Black Death†, conveys how studies show that African Americans are receiving police brutality due to day-to-day discriminationRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1479 Words   |  6 Pages Police Brutality in the United States University of Nebraska Kearney Colton Blankenship Abstract This research paper is an overview of police brutality in the United States. The paper covers what police brutality is and the definition. The information about police brutality is expanded about what is reasonable and excessive use of force an officer can use. Information is included about the thoughts of what the citizens feel about police brutality. Among the white andRead MoreLiterature Review On Police Brutality1105 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review Police and community relations has always been a work in progress, some communities are more challenging than others. There are various factors that impact the relationship police have with civilians such as geographical location, race, gender, personal experience and in personal ones as well. In the last few years police and the African American community on a national level been more disconnected due to a pattern of unforeseen circumstances of unarmed black men being shot andRead MorePolice Brutality Is An Extremely Serious Offence885 Words   |  4 Pagesthe police for help,Considering their job is to protect you at all times. But, who Do you call when it s a police officer abusing his authority? Who do you call when the peacemakers are disturbing your peace and just adding to the crime rates in America? Police brutality is a crime very much present in today s society just as it was present during the civil rights movements of the 1960’s and years after that . It is a very big issue in our highly populated cities in america. Police brutality isRead MoreThe Violence Of Police Brutality907 Words   |  4 Pagesit is crucial to note that police brutality is not synonymous to racism against a particular group. However, there is a stigma that police often racially profile a specific African Americans. In February 2015, two cases of police brutality did not involve African Americans; instead the two victims were a Hispanic shot and killed in Washington State and an Indian-American severely paralyzed in Alabama. Even with this considered, of late, a majority of police brutality cases have involved minorities

Mill Freedom and Expression Essay - 1450 Words

There they go again. The usual horde of five-inch heels, cleavage and navel displaying, and miniskirts that are just high enough to have a clear visual of the type of underwear each woman is wearing. It is the middle of winter and they are just acting like they are hot stuff. Is this acceptable? Should it be acceptable? Maybe a look at Mill’s beliefs can answer these questions. The introduction of the book is crucial to understanding Mill’s arguments and the status of his beliefs. It states the basic structure of his argument and his own key deductions. Mill steps back and defines his idea of civilization. He sees it as a struggle with individual people and what creates and defines our society. Which of†¦show more content†¦A perfect example would be if a small boy was swimming at the beach and got carried out too far and was unable to swim. You happen to have an inner tube and rush out to save him, even risking your own life. If you did not the chil d could drown which would most certainly cause harm. This implied rule will keep people from ignoring those in need or turning a blind eye. Mill believes that this will be great for society as a whole. Mill then goes into further depth and breaks up the three different categories of our liberty and the importance of having each and every one of them respected by others and the authority. The first is â€Å"the freedom to think as one wishes, and to feel as one does. This includes the freedom to opinion, and includes the freedom to publish opinions known as the freedom of speech.† Next is â€Å"the freedom to pursue tastes and pursuits, even if they are deemed ‘immoral’, and only so long as they do not cause harm.† Finally is â€Å"the ‘freedom to unite’ or meet with others, often known as the freedom of assembly due to its being phrased as such in the United States constitution.† Each of these definitions were Mill’s words n ot my own. If we do not have each and every one of these liberties than we truly are not free. Each of the phrases in quotes were taken from the book as Mill’s definitions are not my own. How I understand it,Show MoreRelatedJohn Stuart Mill on Liberty and Freedom of Expression1388 Words   |  6 PagesInhibition of ones liberty, such as their liberty of conscience (i.e. freedom of speech), is unjust by Millian principles, unless the persons use of deliberation is to voice hate speech. So what is hate speech? Hate speech is directed towards a member of a group, or the group as a whole, that vilifies on the basis of the subjects beliefs. In comparison to discriminatory speech, hate speech does not invoke mere offense, but in most cases is traumatic, and severely impair one’s deliberative capacitiesRead MoreAccording to Mills, government should not be attempting to control individual freedoms, but should1100 Words   |  5 Pages According to Mills, government should not be attempting to control individual freedoms, but should be helping individuals develop in society. A society is only as great as the people who are in it. How a person develops should be up to them, but a government should support that development. Ensuring a free flow of factual information and opportunities for open discussion are ways a government can help. Again, he uses history as his support. He says that the history of mankind is a history of intellectualRead MoreThe Fundamental Principles Of The Us Constitution1439 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the fundamental principles of the US Constitution is the freedom of speech. Something so ingrained in the country, that it is often an afterthought for many Americans. John Stuart Mill believes that freedom of expression and speech is a necessity for the human race to advance and evolve. Mill’s justification of this absolute freedom come from the understanding that mistakes and choices made by the person leads to progress a nd the development of your individual self. He also argues that speechRead MoreThe Perception Of Beauty Is Subjective And Dependent On The Viewer1645 Words   |  7 Pageswill most likely have an alternative perspective. Artwork is all about the expression of ideas, the meaning behind why the ideas are expressed a particular way, and the impact the piece has on the viewer’s emotions. The point of censorship is to monitor what information or ideas are being exerted in order to remove harmful or sensitive content from being viewed. However, by removing content, discussion and the expression of ideas are also being removed. This puts restrictions on what informationRead More2.1 The Birth Of Free Speech . It Is Difficult To Pinpoint1267 Words   |  6 Pages2.1 THE BIRTH OF FREE SPEECH It is difficult to pinpoint the exact time or year in which the concept of free speech emerged. It has been argued over and debated since the time of ancient Greeks, freedom of speech has always been an indispensable condition of what it means to be a free person. The first known martyr to the principle of free speech was Socrates. In 399BC before his jury to city state of Athens he was tried for corruption the morals of Greek youth and he said that he would ratherRead MoreFree Speech : Freedom Of Speech1403 Words   |  6 PagesFREE SPEECH Freedom of speech is perhaps the most precious tenets of liberal democracies accorded to the citizens of the free world. The United States, and the rest of the Western society is known to be the cradle of democratic principles, and this can be evidenced by the level of freedom accorded to the citizens of the United States and the West in terms of speech. The freedom of speech gives an individual an opportunity to speak his or her mind and also give his or her opinion, sometimes on veryRead MoreThe People vs. Larry Flynt1332 Words   |  6 PagesFreedom of expression has always been a heated and heavily debated topic throughout our society, more so in recent times due to the increasing amount of freedoms that we gain. However, it is only natural that free speech be something of extreme amounts of conflict since this right is expressed in the very first amendment of the Constitution. But, how loosely should such an important document within our history be interpreted? This has been a question for years, and it is obvious that this particularRead MoreThe Black Lives Matter Movement1197 Words   |  5 Pagesit? We are always thinking that one is right and one is wrong. But John Mill suggests that truth is going to be found in the middle somewhere as a combination .(Page 43). But if we are only hearing one side, we are limited and cannot find the truth. He believes that suppression is also wrong. In order to find the answer or the truth we must have an open dialogue. truth only comes after expression of our thoughts and expression of our narrative. The black lives matter movement has been coming on strongRead MoreThe Work Of Mill : The Foundation Of Liberalism And Modern Day Politics1613 Words   |  7 Pagessociety over the individual† (Mill 1). In other words, who or what has the right to impose restrictions on an individual or on society. The English philosopher, John Stuart Mill, argues such concepts of free expression and political theory in his essay titled, On Liberty. The work of Mill is considered to be the foundation of liberalism and modern day politics. In order to fulfill the idea of perfect liberty, there must be no restrictions or limitations enforced on expressions so that society may attainRead MoreConflicting Visions of Freedom in John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty and John Locke’s The Second Treatise of Government1275 Words   |  6 Pagesframework of each thinkers optimal state propose two conflicting visions of the very essence of man and his freedom. Locke and Mill have completely differen t views when it comes to how much freedom man should have in political society because they have obtained different views about man’s potential of inheriting pure or evil behavior. In chapter two labeled as â€Å"Liberty of Thought and Discussion†, Mill includes two separate arguments in his writing. His first argument focuses on the assumption that suppressed

Main Disadvantage. Participants’ Opinions And Feelings

Main Disadvantage Participants’ opinions and feelings aren’t considered. The analysis is therefore less in-depth and tends to give only a superficial understanding of the emotions or reasons associated with the answers given, although it can be used to measure the extent or degree of participants’ attitudes. If only a small sample can be obtained, and because each answer is unique, the information won’t necessarily represent the entire population. Results Results tend to be conclusive and come with a higher degree of certainty. Results tend to be explorative and aren’t necessarily true or reliable as information analysed is mostly based on personal accounts, not fact. Tools Examples of quantitative data collection methods include: †¢ Data†¦show more content†¦For example, managers typically prefer figures in a cost-benefit analysis since these are usually more convincing than are non-quantifiable considerations. Such data is usually more objective, reliable, concise and takes less time than qualitative research. Such methods are useful for finding evidence to contradict or support a hypothesis or idea. While quantitative methods produce answers to â€Å"what† and â€Å"how many† type questions, they do not so suitably answer â€Å"why† type questions or allow for individual descriptions. Numbers are good, but usually don’t tell the whole story. Mathematical models are sometimes too simplistic and may not be the complete answer. Qualitative research is much less rigid than is quantitative research and looks beyond numerical evidence and invites descriptions and comments about the bigger picture and contextual considerations such as feelings, needs, desires, emotions, motivation, morale, attitudes and behaviours, none of which can be easily or conveniently described in numbers. In practice, managers shouldShow MoreRelatedResearch Methods1422 Words   |  6 Pagesreplicated easily. The disadvantages are that it can take a lot of time, it is difficult to find willing participants and there is a bigger risk of human error. I chose not to use this as my rese arch method, because to do an experiment to would take anything from 2-6 months, which is time I do not have. It could also be classed as being intrusive watching a mother breast feed, which may be a big ethical problem, and because of that it will be hard to find willing participants. Another method ofRead More Research methods Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pagesreplicated easily. The disadvantages are that it can take a lot of time, it is difficult to find willing participants and there is a bigger risk of human error. I chose not to use this as my research method, because to do an experiment to would take anything from 2-6 months, which is time I do not have. 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System Engineering Strategic Information Systems - Free Sample

Question: Discuss about theSystem Engineeringfor Strategic Information Systems. Answer: New Complex System Development Incurs Risks The development of new complex system and advanced technology raises risk in the organization. The advanced development phase is used to resolution majority of uncertainties through process of validation of the system design approach. The processes, which are used to develop the complex system, are installation as well as simulation of the environmental conditions, development test and validation of system components (Arvidsson, Holmstrom Lyytinen, 2014). Risk assessment is a system-engineering tool, which is used to develop the complex system and mitigate the risks from the system to work it properly. Both hardware as well as software is used to develop a project and system, therefore there is a risk of supply issue on the manufacturers end (Buede Miller, 2016). Within the old system, if the previous data are required to operate a new system, then conversion of data are needed to manage to make sure that it can run properly. If there is high turnover rate within the organization, then it will affect the development of new complex system (Paolucci Sacile, 2016). Therefore, any development of new system will incur risk as it takes long time away to develop it. For overcoming with the incurred risks, both change control as well as change management are used to deliver the system on time as well as in the budget. The new complex system development incurs risks in some of the cases. It is seen that development of new computing system for the aerospace application causes risks that result into extension of product time, drive up of budget as well as disrupt the programs. In the aerospace application, there is continuous change requirements, products are complex to execute and there is critical project module integration (Chernysheva, 2013). Technical risks within the aerospace application leads to larger risks which causes functionality as well as performance failure. Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) system is used to minimize the risks in new complex system development. This system mitigates the development risks within the new complex system through the process of testing. Aircraft as well as ground vehicle control application are designed properly (Sandu et al., 2014). Through the process of documentation, the risks within the system are reduced. The use of COTS system in the development phas e means that the development code is being written as well as debugged properly. When the cost of NRE is removed from the subsystem development lead time, then it reduces the cost of COTS computer system which results into elimination of risks from aerospace system development. The project stakeholders also play a major role in reducing risks from new complex system development project. The system has higher risk of failure; therefore, redundancy within the new complex system would mitigate the failure (Kapur Pecht, 2014). COTS system is used as a backup system and low cost COTS system reduces the consequences of failure of complex system. Such a redundant system reduces the system failure as well as gives a safe operation of the system. Six Design Features or Characteristics that Contribute to the Laptop Reliability A laptop is a portable computer, which is used by variety of people. It consists of input, output as well as capability of the desktop computer, which operates into various environments such as vibration, temperature as well as shock. There are many design features, which make the laptop reliable to use by people (Schwab, 2013). Most of the components of the laptop are interfaced with other, and the features of the laptop are significant based on its functionality. The following are six design features, which contribute to laptop reliability, are categorized as display quality, keyboard and responsive touchpad, hard drivers, battery, durable design as well as processor. Firstly, the display quality feature defines that the laptop screen displays all the functions of the laptop, which is performed, with input of user as well as internal processing part. With advanced technology, there are chances of developing the display screen. There are various types of screen and displays of lapto p such as LCD, plasma, LED etc. Its cost composition is medium (Mengxuan et al., 2016). Secondly, keyboard and responsive touchpad design feature shows that there is a smooth cursor movement. Some of the laptops have feature of turn on and off the touchpad. There are various types of keyboard such as standard, laptop size, flexible keyboard and thumb sized. Even a keyboard consists of basic keys like alphanumeric, shift, function and cursor control keys. Touchpad is a device, which has tactile sensor to translate the position of fingers of users. Its cost composition is low. Thirdly, the hard driver is the device for data storage for storing digital information into it. The magnetic head into the hard driver reads as well as write the data to the surface of platter. The hard driver requires a capacity of 2, 3 or 4 TB of storage space. Its speed varies between 4000 to 15000 RPM. Its cost composition is medium (Sabbaghi et al., 2015). Fourthly, the battery is one of the significant design features for the laptop reliability. The laptop is using Lithium-ion batteries, which is lightweight as well as longer lifespan. The life of the battery of laptop is finite. Even the batter life of the laptop is improved by dimming the laptop screen, changing the settings of power and disabling the Wi-Fi. Its cost composition is medium (Siewiorek Swarz, 2014). Fifthly, durable design signifies that the laptop should have best performance based on its maintenance of screen, battery, keyboard, hard disk etc. The laptop is designed with very thin spaces for purpose of airflow as well as cooling. Overheating of the laptop shortens the life of the components. Therefore, maintenance is required to keep it safe. It has low cost composition. Finally, it is processor, which works with the operating system in order to control the computer. The processor of the laptop is less heated as it runs at a lower voltage and with a clock speed (Kap ur Pecht, 2014). Therefore, it reduces heat as well as consumption of power but it slows the processor down. It has high cost composition. Three Factors of Test Failures and Steps to Diagnose the Causes of Failure In the testing process, there are many factors, which can result into failure of test. Firstly, test failure is due to environmental condition such as strong magnetic field, pollution cloud that results into hardware fault. This type of fault results into change the software execution. Secondly, the cause of failure is human factors. Sometimes, there is error from the human side to interact with the software (Meeker Escobar, 2014). There is wrong input of value and therefore the output is being misinterpreted. Thirdly, there are chances of incorrect assumptions related to the requirements of system. The software developer while understanding the requirements of the system testing does it (Christensen, 2013). Before, during and after the test failure, root cause analysis should require to do while diagnosing the causes of test failures. It is a popular technique, which helps the software tester to identify the problem within the testing process. This technique is used to analyze thre e of basic causes such as physical, human as well as organizational causes of failure. This analysis comes when there is a requirement of improving the quality of system (Sabbaghi et al., 2015). Root cause analysis consists of three steps to mitigate the problems such as providing a problem definition, gathering of data on the problems and analyzing the problems. It is the best method for analyzing the issues as well as problems within the system so that on time it should be mitigated. At the time of maintaining a video game, which contains millions of lines of code, root cause analysis is the best technique to detect the problems (Lewis, 2016). Mainly, there is test failure into the video game due to error in entry of codes. This technique tracks the defects and then identifies its patterns. It identifies the weakness of the system within development system. Further, the software tester does review if this analysis gives any chances in the test failure defects (Collacott, 2012). This technique provides with data in order to improve the software development. It helps to give customer value as well as accurate data. A stakeholder meeting is conducted to take their suggestions on diagnosing the problems. Tasks are allocated to different members based on their skills and knowledge (Maslach, 2016). Root cause analysis is used to identify as well as correct the causes of the test failure, rather than addressing the results. After identifying the problems, it is required to take preventive measures in the future. Brainstorming is required to do so that the project team can eliminate the causes of failure. Finally, the changes, which are made due to test failure, are monitored properly so that it cannot give any influences on the project work (Gercek, Saleem Steel, 2016). Most of the software developer uses this technique so that they can recognize the problem within the testing process. Problem definition, data gathering and problem analyzing are the most important to identify the causes of the test failure in any system development project work. Criteria to Decide the Best Approach (in-house or procure) A complex system consists of subsystems, parts as well as components, which are required outside subcontractors as well as vendors. It is done either by in-house as well as procures those (Matsushima Pan, 2016). In this particular case, there are two choices such as buying of parts from outside and giving it to the sub-conductors to make the parts in-house. The criteria to select outsourcing vendor are that the vendor should be focused on quality of products and services (Jan et al., 2016). The vendor should have price that it should enable customer sufficient for savings of cost. It is required to understand the capability of the vendor. Most important is security of the customer data at the vendor site. Therefore, vendor should consist of security policies to secure the data of their customers. A technology infrastructure is required for the complex systems as there are unexpected failures are done within the system, which causes system failure (Sesay Ramirez, 2016). The other cr iteria to select the best approach are the communication method. It is required to see the way the vendor can communicate with their customers. In any system development project, a new complex system is outsourced should contain comprehensive system documentation. The outsourcer should take responsibility of document specification. The person can also plan for quality documentation and coding for the system. It is the way an outsourcer can make sure that it will obtain over the code, if it requires to. As an example, the organization can outsource their network management of their system but they can keep their end user support in-house. It provides the organization with a good balancing of on-site support for the employees (Buede Miller, 2016). Most of the organizations are using the outsourcing process to improve the customer service, quality as well as reduction of costs (Buede Miller, 2016). The reasons for outsourcing of the products are specialized skills of subcontractors, specialized equipments as well as cost savings. The other approach is in sourcing which is criticized by building of project team in order to operate the system functions. The team can control the activity as well as quality of the system (Meeker Escobar, 2014). Most of the organizations are in-house their core operations in order to innovate their business within marketplace. While hiring of in-house, the organization requires skilled as well as knowledgeable person to work with system so that the proj ect work should kept in-house. At the time of hiring of persons for the project, it has greater control of cost. If the project work gets overtime, then after sometimes it will contain same cost. A specific work culture is also required to hire vendor for the work (Maslach, 2016). Therefore, after analyzing the two approaches, it is seen that outsourcing of vendor is the best approach for any organization for no down time, cost savings, concentrated expertise as well as no requirement to invest into equipments. Involvement of System Engineer in Design and Definitions of Support System The system engineer involves in design and support system project work, as they are required to writ code based on system requirements. Based on client requirements, the project is required to maintain. A logistics support system is required for successful system operational performance (Lewis, 2016). It optimizes of functional support, leverages of accessible resources as well as directs the process of system engineering. Logistics support is a process, which reduces the demand of logistics and makes the system efficient to support. The system engineer involves in supply support to acquire of support items as well as spare parts, catalog and receive of items, storage as well as warehouse, transfer and issue of items and providing initial support for the system (Matsushima Pan, 2016). The key features of supply chain activities of the service are to source the system components, ensure the transportation of service and deliver the services to the customers on time and within deadlin e. The features of spare parts in logistics support system are kept in the inventory to replace the failed units. There are two types of spare parts such as repairable and consumables (De Lemos et al., 2013). In logistics, there are two chances in investment of cost such as cost of ordering replacement part as well as cost to repair that part. There is requirement of spare parts to overcome with failure of system equipments. Even procurement of spare parts requires long lead-time. At the moment when the system fails, if there is no spare parts then there is system failure. Replaceable part level is the quick replacement of any damaged parts and units from the system at an operating location. This level is used for logistics planning as well as operation. Line replacement unit is used to improve the maintenance operations as they are stocked as well as replaced on quickly basis from the on-site inventories. It also reduces the cost of system as well as there is an increase in system quality. Training as well as documentation features are used to meet with the customers requirements (Sabbaghi et al., 2015). The training teams are system designers, training specialists as well as instructors. The documentation team ensures that transfers of knowledge to the employees are accurate as well as proper. While giving training to the employees, training manuals are required for them to give proper information on use of logistics support system. Training and documentation tracks, documents as well as implements the training activities in the organization. Customi zation of the training materials require instructions on the training topics, link with the training programs as well as ensure the employees to train them properly (Paolucci Sacile, 2016). Documentation is done on catalog and receives of items, transfer and issue of items, storage items and warehousing. The support system allows for leveraging of resources, directing the system process and optimizing of functional system support. Finally, the system engineer analyzes the quality of the system based on customer requirements as well as business requirements. References Arvidsson, V., Holmstrm, J., Lyytinen, K. (2014). Information systems use as strategy practice: A multi-dimensional view of strategic information system implementation and use.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,23(1), 45-61. Buede, D. M., Miller, W. D. (2016).The engineering design of systems: models and methods. John Wiley Sons. Chernysheva, T. Y. (2013). Preliminary risk assessment in it projects. InApplied Mechanics and Materials(Vol. 379, pp. 220-223). Trans Tech Publications. Christensen, C. (2013).The innovator's dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Harvard Business Review Press. Collacott, R. (2012).Mechanical fault diagnosis and condition monitoring. Springer Science Business Media. De Lemos, R., Giese, H., Mller, H. A., Shaw, M., Andersson, J., Litoiu, M., ... Weyns, D. (2013). Software engineering for self-adaptive systems: A second research roadmap. InSoftware Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems II(pp. 1-32). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Gercek, G., Saleem, N., Steel, D. (2016). Networked Services Outsourcing for Small Businesses: A Lifecycle Approach.Journal of Global Business and Technology,12(1), 23. Jan, S. R., Dad, F., Amin, N., Hameed, A., Shah, S. S. A. (2016). Issues in Global Software Development (Communication, Coordination and Trust) A Critical Review.training,6(7), 8. Kapur, K. C., Pecht, M. (2014).Reliability engineering. John Wiley Sons. Lewis, W. E. (2016).Software testing and continuous quality improvement. CRC press. Maslach, D. (2016). Change and persistence with failed technological innovation.Strategic Management Journal,37(4), 714-723. Matsushima, N., Pan, C. (2016). Strategic Perils of Outsourcing: Sourcing Strategy and Product Positioning. Meeker, W. Q., Escobar, L. A. (2014).Statistical methods for reliability data. John Wiley Sons. Mengxuan, L., Boqiang, R., Shunxian, Z., Jiahui, X., Lianbin, W., Zhe, W. (2016, August). The feasibility scheme design of power dispatching distribution data integrated network. InElectricity Distribution (CICED), 2016 China International Conference on(pp. 1-4). IEEE. Paolucci, M., Sacile, R. (2016).Agent-based manufacturing and control systems: new agile manufacturing solutions for achieving peak performance. CRC Press. Sabbaghi, M., Esmaeilian, B., Mashhadi, A. R., Cade, W., Behdad, S. (2015). Reusability assessment of lithium-ion laptop batteries based on consumers actual usage behavior.Journal of Mechanical Design,137(12), 124501. Sandu, I. S., Ryzhenkova, N. E., Veselovsky, M. Y., Solovyov, A. Y. (2014). Economic aspects of innovation-oriented market economy formation.Life Science Journal,11(12), 242-244. Schwab, D. P. (2013).Research methods for organizational studies. Psychology Press. Sesay, A., Ramirez, R. (2016). Theorizing the IT Governance Role in IT Sourcing Research. Siewiorek, D., Swarz, R. (2014).Reliable Computer Systems: Design and Evaluatuion. Digital Press.